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Shloka 30

Cyavana’s Water-Vow and the Ethics of Cohabitation (स्नेह-सम्वास-धर्मः)

भीष्म उवाच दारा इत्युच्यते लोके नाम्नैकेन परंतप । प्रोक्तेन चैव नाम्नायं विशेष: सुमहान्‌ भवेत्‌

bhīṣma uvāca | dārā ity ucyate loke nāmnaikena parantapa | proktena caiva nāmnāyaṁ viśeṣaḥ sumahān bhavet ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു— ഹേ പരന്തപ രാജാവേ! ലോകത്തിൽ എല്ലാ സ്ത്രീകളെയും ഒരേ പേരിൽ ‘ദാരാ’ (ഭാര്യകൾ) എന്നു വിളിക്കുന്നു; എന്നാൽ ആ പേരിന്റെ പ്രയോഗം കൊണ്ടുതന്നെ (അവരിൽ നിന്നു ജനിക്കുന്ന പുത്രന്മാരിൽ) മഹത്തായ വ്യത്യാസം അംഗീകരിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular
दाराःwives (spouses)
दाराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
उच्यतेis called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Passive, 3, Singular
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
नाम्नाby the name
नाम्ना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनामन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
एकेनwith one (single)
एकेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
परंतपO scorcher of foes
परंतप:
TypeNoun
Rootपरंतप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्रोक्तेनby the said/uttered
प्रोक्तेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-वच्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
नाम्नाby the name
नाम्ना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनामन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अयम्this
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विशेषःdistinction/difference
विशेषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविशेष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सुमहान्very great
सुमहान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-महत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्would be / may become
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative, 3, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
P
Parantapa (addressed king, traditionally Yudhiṣṭhira)
D
dārā (wives/women as a social category)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma points out that although society uses a single generic term (“dārā”) for women/wives, the way such labels are applied can create or reflect major social distinctions. The verse introduces a discussion on differentiation in offspring and social classification connected with women of different varṇas.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhishma continues instructing the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) on dharma. Here he begins a topic by noting the common designation for women and then signals that significant distinctions are made on that basis, setting up the ensuing explanation about differences among sons born from women of the four varṇas.