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Shloka 29

Cyavana’s Water-Vow and the Ethics of Cohabitation (स्नेह-सम्वास-धर्मः)

कस्मात्‌ तु विषमं भागं भजेरन्‌ नृपसत्तम | यदा सर्वे त्रयो वर्णास्त्वियोक्ता ब्राह्मणा इति

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | kasmāt tu viṣamaṃ bhāgaṃ bhajeran nṛpasattama | yadā sarve trayo varṇās tvayoktā brāhmaṇā iti ||

യുധിഷ്ഠിരൻ പറഞ്ഞു— ഹേ നൃപശ്രേഷ്ഠാ! ബ്രാഹ്മണാദി മൂന്നു വർണങ്ങളിലെ സ്ത്രീകളിൽ ജനിച്ച പുത്രന്മാരെല്ലാം ബ്രാഹ്മണരാണെന്ന് നിങ്ങൾ പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചിരിക്കെ, അവർ പിതൃധനത്തിൽ അസമമായ പങ്ക് എന്തിന് സ്വീകരിക്കണം? സമപങ്ക് എന്തുകൊണ്ട് ലഭിക്കരുത്?

कस्मात्from what reason? why?
कस्मात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
विषमम्unequal
विषमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविषम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
भागम्share/portion
भागम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभाग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
भजेरन्should take/should receive/should partake
भजेरन्:
TypeVerb
Rootभज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
नृपसत्तमO best of kings
नृपसत्तम:
TypeNoun
Rootनृपसत्तम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वर्णाःclasses/varnas
वर्णाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Instrumental, Singular
उक्ताःsaid/declared
उक्ताः:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPast passive participle (kta), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
इतिthus/so (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
N
nṛpasattama (addressed king)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharma-based challenge: if a person’s recognized status is the same (here, being declared ‘Brāhmaṇa’), then justice demands consistency in rights—especially regarding inheritance—so unequal distribution requires a clear ethical and legal justification.

Yudhiṣṭhira questions a senior royal authority about rules of inheritance. He points out an apparent contradiction between declaring certain sons as Brāhmaṇas and yet assigning them unequal shares of paternal property, pressing for a coherent dharma rationale.