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Shloka 17

Cyavana’s Water-Vow and the Ethics of Cohabitation (स्नेह-सम्वास-धर्मः)

अब्राह्माणं तु मन्यन्ते शूद्रापुत्रमनैपुणात्‌ । त्रिषु वर्णेषु जातो हि ब्राह्मणाद्‌ ब्राह्मणो भवेत्‌

abhāhmaṇaṁ tu manyante śūdrāputram anaipuṇāt | triṣu varṇeṣu jāto hi brāhmaṇād brāhmaṇo bhavet ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ശൂദ്രസ്ത്രീയുടെ ഗർഭത്തിൽ ബ്രാഹ്മണനിൽ നിന്ന് ജനിച്ച പുത്രനെ അവർ ബ്രാഹ്മണനായി കരുതുന്നില്ല; കാരണം അവനിൽ ബ്രാഹ്മണോചിതമായ നൈപുണ്യവും ശീലവും ഇല്ലെന്ന് അവർ ധരിക്കുന്നു. എന്നാൽ ശേഷിക്കുന്ന മൂന്നു വർണങ്ങളിലെ സ്ത്രീകളിൽ ബ്രാഹ്മണനാൽ ജനിച്ച പുത്രൻ ബ്രാഹ്മണനായി തന്നെ കണക്കാക്കപ്പെടുന്നു.

अब्राह्माणम्a non-brahmin (as such)
अब्राह्माणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअ-ब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
मन्यन्तेthey consider/think
मन्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootमन्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Ātmanepada
शूद्रापुत्रम्a son of a Śūdra woman
शूद्रापुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्रा-पुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अनैपुणात्due to lack of skill/competence
अनैपुणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअ-नैपुण्य
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
त्रिषुin/among three
त्रिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
वर्णेषुin the varṇas/classes
वर्णेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
जातःborn
जातः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजात
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
ब्राह्मणात्from a brahmin (father)
ब्राह्मणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
ब्राह्मणःa brahmin (person)
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्would be/becomes
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Potential), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Brāhmaṇa
Ś
Śūdra
V
Varṇa

Educational Q&A

The verse states a normative rule about social recognition (varṇa-status): a child’s acceptance as ‘brāhmaṇa’ is linked to perceived brāhmaṇa-qualities (naipuṇya) and, in the stated scheme, to paternity by a brāhmaṇa across unions with women of other varṇas, while excluding the son of a Śūdra woman from brāhmaṇa recognition.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma is instructing Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and social norms. Here he addresses rules of lineage and varṇa-classification, explaining how certain births were traditionally categorized and socially acknowledged.