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Shloka 18

तीर्थवंशोपदेशः

Tīrtha-vaṃśa Upadeśa: Instruction on the Fruits of Sacred Waters

अग्रणीर्य: कृत: पूर्व वर्णावरपरिग्रह: । ब्राह्मण: सर्वविद्योडपि राजन्‌ नाहति केतनम्‌

agraṇīr yaḥ kṛtaḥ pūrvaṃ varṇāvaraparigrahaḥ | brāhmaṇaḥ sarvavidyāḍhyo 'pi rājan nārhati ketanam ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—രാജാവേ! മുൻപ് സമൂഹത്തിന്റെ അഗ്രണിയായിരുന്ന ഒരു ബ്രാഹ്മണൻ പിന്നീട് വർണ്ണധർമ്മത്തിന് വിരുദ്ധമായി (ശൂദ്രസ്ത്രീയുമായി മുതലായ) അനുചിതവിവാഹം ചെയ്താൽ, അവൻ സർവ്വവിദ്യകളിലും പാണ്ഡിത്യമുണ്ടായാലും ശ്രാദ്ധത്തിൽ ക്ഷണിക്കപ്പെടാൻ യോഗ്യനല്ല।

अग्रणीःleader, foremost person
अग्रणीः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअग्रणी
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृतःmade, appointed (as)
कृतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
पूर्वम्formerly, earlier
पूर्वम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
वर्णावरपरिग्रहःacceptance/marriage with a lower-varna (woman)
वर्णावरपरिग्रहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवर्णावर-परिग्रह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वविद्यःknower of all learning/arts
सर्वविद्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्वविद्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिeven, although
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अर्हतिis worthy, deserves
अर्हति:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
केतनम्invitation/summoning (to a rite)
केतनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकेतन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
T
the King (Yudhiṣṭhira, implied)
B
brāhmaṇa

Educational Q&A

Ritual eligibility in śrāddha is presented as dependent not only on learning but also on adherence to prescribed social and marital norms; transgressing those norms can disqualify a person from being invited, even if highly learned.

In the Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma instructs the king on dharma, including rules for ancestral rites (śrāddha). Here he states a criterion for whom one should not invite to participate in śrāddha: a Brahmin who, despite former eminence and great learning, has entered an improper cross-order marriage.