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Shloka 12

लोकथर्मे च धर्मे च विशेषकरणं कृतम्‌ । यथैकत्वं पुनर्यान्ति प्राणिनस्तत्र विस्तर:

lokadharme ca dharme ca viśeṣakaraṇaṃ kṛtam | yathaikatvaṃ punaryānti prāṇinastatra vistaraḥ ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ലോകധർമ്മത്തിനും ധർമ്മത്തിനും (പവിത്ര കർത്തവ്യത്തിനും) തമ്മിൽ വ്യത്യാസം നിശ്ചയിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. കാരണം ഇതാണ്: ജീവികൾ താന്താന്റെ ധർമ്മം അനുഷ്ഠിച്ച് വീണ്ടും ഏകത്വം പ്രാപിക്കേണ്ടതിനായി; ഇതിനെക്കുറിച്ച് ശാസ്ത്രങ്ങൾ വിശദമായി പറയുന്നു.

लोकधर्मेin worldly duty
लोकधर्मे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोकधर्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
धर्मेin (special/own) duty; in dharma
धर्मे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विशेषकरणम्differentiation; making a distinction
विशेषकरणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविशेषकरण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कृतम्has been made; done
कृतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त, Neuter, Nominative, Singular, Passive (past participle)
यथाso that; in such a way that
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
एकत्वम्oneness; unity
एकत्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootएकत्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पुनःagain; once more
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
यान्तिgo; attain
यान्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootया
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
प्राणिनःliving beings
प्राणिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्राणिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तत्रthere; in that matter
तत्र:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
विस्तरःdetailed exposition; elaboration
विस्तरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविस्तर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
P
prāṇinaḥ (living beings)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that the scriptures distinguish between social/customary duties (lokadharma) and sacred/righteous duties (dharma) not to create ultimate separation, but to guide beings through appropriate conduct toward spiritual oneness (ekatva).

In Anushasana Parva, Bhishma is instructing Yudhishthira on dharma. Here he frames why different duties are prescribed: they function as practical paths suited to people’s roles, ultimately aiming at the same spiritual end.