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Shloka 19

भीष्म उवाच धर्मस्य द्वियमाणस्य बलवद्/िद्दुरात्मभि: । यद्येवं मन्यसे राजंस्त्रिधा धर्मविचारणा

bhīṣma uvāca | dharmasya dvyamāṇasya balavad durātmabhiḥ | yady evaṃ manyase rājan tridhā dharmavicāraṇā ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—രാജാവേ! ശക്തിയുള്ള ദുഷ്ടന്മാർ ആക്രമിച്ച് ധർമ്മം രണ്ടായി വിഭജിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു; അതിനാൽ ധർമ്മവിചാരം ത്രിവിധമാകുന്നു എന്നു നീ കരുതുന്നുവെങ്കിൽ, ആ അഭിപ്രായം ശരിയല്ല. സത്യത്തിൽ ധർമ്മം ഒന്ന്; അതിനെ മൂന്നു രീതിയിൽ പരിശോധിക്കുന്നു—വേദം, പ്രത്യക്ഷം, ശിഷ്ടാചാരം—ഈ മൂന്നു പ്രമാണങ്ങളാൽ അതിനെ വിലയിരുത്തുന്നു.

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
धर्मस्यof dharma
धर्मस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
द्वियमाणस्यbeing harmed/being oppressed
द्वियमाणस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि-यम् (द्वियमाण)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular, शानच् (present passive participle sense)
बलवत्strongly, powerfully
बलवत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootबलवत्
FormNeuter (adverbial use), Accusative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
दुरात्मभिःby evil-minded (persons)
दुरात्मभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदुरात्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
मन्यसेyou think/consider
मन्यसे:
TypeVerb
Rootमन्
FormPresent, 2nd, Singular, Atmanepada
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
त्रिधाin three ways
त्रिधा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootत्रिधा
धर्मविचारणाexamination/inquiry of dharma
धर्मविचारणा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म-विचारणा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
rājan (the King—Yudhiṣṭhira in context)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma insists that dharma is fundamentally one, even when it appears harmed or confused by the actions of powerful wrongdoers; the ‘threefold’ aspect belongs to the methods of examining dharma, not to dharma itself being three different things.

In his instruction to the king (Yudhiṣṭhira), Bhishma corrects a misunderstanding: the king seems to treat dharma as split or multiple due to conflicting situations, and Bhishma clarifies that only the inquiry is threefold—dharma itself remains a single principle.