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Shloka 54

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

(तथैव देवि वैश्याश्व॒ लोकयात्राहिता: स्मृता: । अन्ये तानुपजीवन्ति प्रत्यक्षफलदा हि ते ।।

tathaiva devi vaiśyāś ca lokayātrāhitāḥ smṛtāḥ | anye tān upajīvanti pratyakṣaphaladā hi te || yadi na syus tathā vaiśyā na bhaveyus tathā pare || vaiśyasya satataṁ dharmaḥ pāśupālyaṁ kṛṣis tathā | agnihotraparisphando dānādhyayanam eva ca | atithisatkāraḥ śamo damo brāhmaṇānāṁ svāgataṁ tyāgaś ca ||

മഹേശ്വരൻ പറഞ്ഞു—ദേവി, അതുപോലെ വൈശ്യരും സമൂഹജീവിതത്തിന്റെ യാത്ര നിലനിർത്താൻ സഹായിക്കുന്നവരെന്നു സ്മരിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു. മറ്റു വർണങ്ങൾ അവരുടെ ആശ്രയത്താൽ തന്നെയാണ് ജീവിക്കുന്നത്; കാരണം അവർ ദൃശ്യമായ, ഉടൻ ഫലം നൽകുന്നവരാണ്. വൈശ്യർ ഇല്ലെങ്കിൽ മറ്റു വർണങ്ങളും നിലനിൽക്കുകയില്ല. വൈശ്യന്റെ നിത്യധർമ്മം: പശുപാലനം, കൃഷിയും വ്യാപാരവും, അഗ്നിഹോത്രം നിത്യമായി അനുഷ്ഠിക്കൽ, ദാനം, അധ്യയനം; കൂടാതെ സത്പഥാശ്രയമുള്ള സദാചാരം, അതിഥിസത്കാരം, ശമ-ദമം, ബ്രാഹ്മണസ്വാഗത-സത്കാരം, ത്യാഗം.

तथाthus, in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
देविO goddess/lady
देवि:
TypeNoun
Rootदेवी
FormFeminine, Vocative, Singular
वैश्याःVaishyas (merchant/agricultural class)
वैश्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
लोकयात्राहिताःbeneficial for the maintenance of people's livelihood
लोकयात्राहिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootलोक-यात्रा-हित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्मृताःare considered/remembered (as)
स्मृताः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ (क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Passive (PPP used predicatively)
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तान्them
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
उपजीवन्तिlive by, subsist on
उपजीवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-जीव्
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
प्रत्यक्षफलदाःgiving visible/immediate results
प्रत्यक्षफलदाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रत्यक्ष-फल-द
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
स्युःwould be
स्युः:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, Optative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
तथाthus, in that case
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
वैश्याःVaishyas
वैश्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भवेयुःwould exist, would come to be
भवेयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, Optative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
तथाthen, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
परेothers (the other classes)
परे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वैश्यस्यof the Vaishya
वैश्यस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
सततम्always, continually
सततम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसतत
धर्मःduty, dharma
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पाशुपाल्यम्cattle-rearing, tending animals
पाशुपाल्यम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपाशु-पाल्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कृषिःagriculture
कृषिः:
TypeNoun
Rootकृषि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तथाand also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अग्निहोत्रपरिस्पन्दःperformance/engagement in the Agnihotra rite
अग्निहोत्रपरिस्पन्दः:
TypeNoun
Rootअग्निहोत्र-परिस्पन्द
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दानाध्ययनम्giving and studying
दानाध्ययनम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदान-अध्ययन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrī Mahēśvara (Mahādeva/Śiva)
D
Devī (Umā/Pārvatī)
V
Vaiśya
A
Agnihotra
B
Brāhmaṇa

Educational Q&A

The passage frames the Vaiśya’s dharma as socially indispensable: by producing tangible goods and services (agriculture, cattle-rearing, trade), they sustain the livelihood of all, and their ethical ideal includes ritual responsibility (Agnihotra), learning, charity, hospitality, self-control, and honoring Brahmins.

In Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction setting, Mahēśvara addresses Devī and explains the role and duties of the Vaiśya order, emphasizing that the other orders depend on them for practical sustenance and that their prescribed conduct combines economic work with religious and moral disciplines.