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Shloka 13

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

उमोवाच निवासा बहुरूपास्ते दिवि सर्वगुणान्विता: । तांश्व संत्यज्य भगवन्‌ श्मशाने रमसे कथम्‌,उमाने पूछा--भगवन्‌! स्वर्गलोकमें अनेक प्रकारके सर्वगुणसम्पन्न निवासस्थान हैं, उन सबको छोड़कर आप श्मशान-भूमिमें कैसे रमते हैं?

umovāca—nivāsā bahurūpās te divi sarvaguṇānvitāḥ | tāṁś ca saṁtyajya bhagavan śmaśāne ramase katham ||

ഉമ പറഞ്ഞു—ഭഗവൻ! സ്വർഗത്തിൽ സർവഗുണസമ്പന്നമായ പലവിധ വാസസ്ഥലങ്ങൾ അങ്ങേക്കുണ്ട്; അവയെല്ലാം വിട്ട് അങ്ങ് ശ്മശാനഭൂമിയിൽ എങ്ങനെ രമിക്കുന്നു?

उमाUmā (Pārvatī)
उमा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउमा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular
निवासाःdwellings, abodes
निवासाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिवास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
बहुरूपाःof many forms/varieties
बहुरूपाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुरूप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthose
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दिविin heaven
दिवि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
सर्वगुणान्विताःendowed with all qualities
सर्वगुणान्विताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्वगुणान्वित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तान्those (abodes)
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सन्त्यज्यhaving completely abandoned
सन्त्यज्य:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), सम्, Active
भगवन्O Lord
भगवन्:
TypeNoun
Rootभगवत्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
श्मशानेin the cremation-ground
श्मशाने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootश्मशान
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
रमसेyou delight / you take pleasure
रमसे:
TypeVerb
Rootरम्
FormPresent, 2nd, Singular, Atmanepada
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

U
Umā (Pārvatī)
M
Mahādeva / Maheśvara (Śiva)
D
diva (svarga/heaven)
Ś
śmaśāna (cremation-ground)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a moral-spiritual contrast between celestial comfort and the cremation-ground, pointing toward vairāgya (detachment) and the contemplation of impermanence: true freedom is not dependent on refined pleasures but on transcendence of attachment.

Umā questions Maheśvara: although he has access to splendid heavenly abodes endowed with every excellence, why does he choose to dwell and rejoice in the cremation-ground. The question sets up Śiva’s explanation of his ascetic, world-transcending stance.