Shloka 2

Adhyāya 138: Vāyu’s Exempla on Brāhmaṇa-Prabhāva and a Cosmological Clarification

Devanagari script

येषां धर्मश्िता बुद्धि: श्रद्दधानाश्च ये नराः । तेषां स्यादुपरदेष्टव्य: सरहस्यो महाफल:

Transliteration

yeṣāṃ dharma-sthitā buddhiḥ śraddadhānāś ca ye narāḥ | teṣāṃ syād upadeṣṭavyaḥ sa-rahasyo mahā-phalaḥ ||

Translation

ആരുടെ ബുദ്ധി സദാ ധർമ്മത്തിൽ സ്ഥിരമായി നിലകൊള്ളുന്നു, ആരാണ് ഗാഢശ്രദ്ധയുള്ളവർ—അവർക്കേ ഈ രഹസ്യസഹിതമായ മഹാഫലദായക ധർമ്മോപദേശം നൽകേണ്ടത്.

Word by Word

• येषाम्: of whom/whose
• येषाम्: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: —, षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• धर्म-स्थिता: fixed/established in dharma
• धर्म-स्थिता: विशेषण (बुद्धेः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक) + स्थित (कृदन्त, √स्था)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• बुद्धिः: intellect, understanding
• बुद्धिः: अधिकरण (येषाम् इत्यस्य सम्बन्धेन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बुद्धि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• श्रद्दधानाः: faithful, full of faith
• श्रद्दधानाः: विशेषण (नराः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रद्दधान (कृदन्त, √धा; वर्तमान कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• ये: who
• ये: कर्ता (नराः इत्यस्य सहसम्बन्धी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• नराः: men, persons
• नराः: कर्ता (स्यात् इत्यस्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• तेषाम्: for them/of them
• तेषाम्: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: —, षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• स्यात्: should be/ought to be
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् (भू/अस्)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथम, एकवचन

• उपदेष्टव्यः: to be instructed/taught
• उपदेष्टव्यः: कर्म (उपदेशस्य—‘to be taught’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उप-√दिश् (कृदन्त: तव्यत्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• स-रहस्यः: with (its) secret, containing a mystery
• स-रहस्यः: विशेषण (उपदेष्टव्यः/धर्मः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स (उपसर्ग/अव्ययार्थ) + रहस्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• महाफलः: great-fruited, yielding great result
• महाफलः: विशेषण (उपदेष्टव्यः/धर्मः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महा + फल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Speaker

महेश्वर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Maheshvara (Śiva)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Instruction in a profound, result-bearing dharma should be given only to those who are steady in righteous understanding and possess sincere faith; receptivity and moral grounding are presented as prerequisites for receiving confidential spiritual teaching.

What is happening in the narrative?

Maheshvara is speaking and sets a criterion for transmission: the teaching he is about to convey (or has conveyed) is described as both secret in purport and greatly fruitful, and therefore should be entrusted only to qualified, faithful listeners.