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Shloka 3

Dāna-Śreṣṭhatā: On the Superiority of Giving

Maitreya–Vyāsa Exemplum

समृद्धौ वासमृद्धौ वा शुभे वा यदि वाशुभे । कारण तत्र मे ब्रूहि सर्वज्ञो हसि मे मत:,प्राणी उन्नति या अवनति, शुभ या अशुभ किसी भी अवस्थामें मरना नहीं चाहते हैं। इसका क्या कारण है? यह मुझे बताइये; क्योंकि मेरी दृष्टिमें आप सर्वज्ञ हैं

samṛddhau vāsamṛddhau vā śubhe vā yadi vāśubhe | kāraṇaṃ tatra me brūhi sarvajño ’si me mataḥ || prāṇī unnatiyā avanatiyā śubhayā aśubhayā kisī bhī avasthā meṃ maranā nahīṃ cāhate haiṃ | isakā kyā kāraṇa hai? etat me brūhi; kyoṃki meṃ dṛṣṭi meṃ āp sarvajña haiṃ ||

സമൃദ്ധിയിലായാലും അസമൃദ്ധിയിലായാലും, ശുഭത്തിലായാലും അശുഭത്തിലായാലും—ഏതു നിലയിലും ജീവികൾ മരണം ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്നില്ല. അതിന്റെ കാരണം എനിക്ക് പറയുക; എന്റെ അഭിപ്രായത്തിൽ നിങ്ങൾ സർവ്വജ്ഞനാണ്।

समृद्धौin prosperity
समृद्धौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमृद्धि
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
असमृद्धौin adversity / lack of prosperity
असमृद्धौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअसमृद्धि
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
शुभेin auspicious (circumstances)
शुभे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootशुभ
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अशुभेin inauspicious (circumstances)
अशुभे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअशुभ
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
कारणम्the reason
कारणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकारण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तत्रtherein / in that matter
तत्र:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
मेto me / of me
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
ब्रूहिtell (me)
ब्रूहि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
सर्वज्ञःall-knowing
सर्वज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्वज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
असिyou are
असि:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
मेto me / of me
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
मतःconsidered / thought (by me)
मतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a universal ethical-psychological problem: regardless of external conditions—wealth or poverty, auspiciousness or misfortune—beings cling to life and resist death. It invites reflection on attachment (rāga), self-preservation, and the deeper causes of fear and desire that dharma-discourse seeks to diagnose and remedy.

In Anuśāsana Parva’s instructional setting, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses a revered, ‘all-knowing’ teacher-figure and asks for the underlying reason that living beings do not want to die in any circumstance. The question sets up a philosophical explanation about the motives and bonds that keep beings attached to embodied existence.