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Shloka 9

मांसभक्षण-दोषाः तथा अहिंसाया माहात्म्यम् | Faults of Meat-Consumption and the Supremacy of Ahiṃsā

प्रत्याख्याने च दाने च सुखदुःखे प्रियाप्रिये आत्मौपम्येन पुरुष: प्रमाणमधिगच्छति

pratyākhyāne ca dāne ca sukhaduḥkhe priyāpriye ātmaupamyena puruṣaḥ pramāṇam adhigacchati

ചോദിക്കുമ്പോൾ നൽകലിലും നിരാകരണത്തിലിലും, സുഖദുഃഖം വരുത്തലിലും, പ്രിയാപ്രിയം ചെയ്യലിലും—മനുഷ്യൻ ആത്മൗപമ്യത്തിലൂടെയാണ് ശരിയായ മാനദണ്ഡം കണ്ടെത്തുന്നത്; താൻ അനുഭവിക്കുന്ന ആനന്ദ-വിഷാദങ്ങൾ മറ്റുള്ളവർക്കും അതുപോലെ തന്നെയെന്ന് ഗ്രഹിക്കണം।

pratyākhyānein refusal/denial
pratyākhyāne:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootpratyākhyāna
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca
dānein giving
dāne:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootdāna
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca
sukha-duḥkhein pleasure and pain
sukha-duḥkhe:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootsukha + duḥkha
FormNeuter, Locative, Dual
priya-apriyein what is dear and not dear
priya-apriye:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootpriya + apriya
FormNeuter, Locative, Dual
ātma-upamyenaby comparison with oneself
ātma-upamyena:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootātma + upamya
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
puruṣaḥa person
puruṣaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootpuruṣa
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
pramāṇama standard/measure (criterion)
pramāṇam:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootpramāṇa
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
adhigacchatiattains/comes to know
adhigacchati:
TypeVerb
Rootadhi + gam
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira

Educational Q&A

Ethical judgment should be guided by ātmaupamya—placing oneself in another’s position. Since others experience pleasure and pain as we do, one should measure actions like giving, refusing, pleasing, or displeasing by that empathetic standard.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira articulates a practical criterion for right conduct: when deciding how to treat others—especially in matters of requests, gifts, and interpersonal harm or benefit—one should use self-comparison to discern the proper course.