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Shloka 4

Gautama–Śakra Saṃvāda: Karma, Loka-bheda, and the Restoration of the Elephant

तात! इस विषयमें विज्ञ पुरुष इन्द्र और गौतम मुनिके संवादरूप प्राचीन इतिहासका उदाहरण दिया करते हैं ।। ब्राह्मणो गौतम: कश्रिन्मृदुर्दान्तो जितेन्द्रिय: । महावने हस्तिशिशुं परिद्यूनममातृकम्‌

tāta! asmin viṣaye vijñāḥ puruṣā indra-gautama-munyoḥ saṃvāda-rūpaṃ prācīnam itihāsam udāharaṇam dīyate. brāhmaṇo gautamaḥ kaścid mṛdur dānto jitendriyaḥ. mahāvane hastī-śiśuṃ paridyūnam amātṛkam.

ഗൗതമൻ എന്നൊരു ബ്രാഹ്മണൻ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു—അവൻ മൃദുസ്വഭാവനും ശാന്തനും ഇന്ദ്രിയജയിയും ആയിരുന്നു. ഒരു മഹാവനത്തിൽ അവൻ ഒരു ആനക്കുട്ടിയെ കണ്ടു—അത് ക്ഷീണിച്ച് അലഞ്ഞുതിരിയുന്ന, മാതൃഹീനമായ അവസ്ഥയിൽ ആയിരുന്നു.

ब्राह्मणःthe Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गौतमःGautama
गौतमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगौतम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कश्चित्a certain (one)
कश्चित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकश्चित्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मृदुःgentle
मृदुः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमृदु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दान्तःself-controlled, tamed
दान्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदान्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जितेन्द्रियःhaving conquered the senses
जितेन्द्रियः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजितेन्द्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महावनेin the great forest
महावने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमहावन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
हस्तिशिशुम्a baby elephant (elephant-calf)
हस्तिशिशुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहस्तिशिशु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
परिद्यूनम्distressed, miserable
परिद्यूनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरिद्यून
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अमातृकम्motherless
अमातृकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअमातृक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
I
Indra
G
Gautama (sage/brahmin)
M
mahāvana (great forest)
H
hastī-śiśu (young elephant)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma frames the ethical point through an authoritative precedent: learned tradition relies on ancient dialogue-stories (itihāsa) to clarify dharma. The verse also foregrounds the moral qualifications of the exemplar—gentleness, discipline, and sense-control—suggesting that right action arises from inner restraint and compassion.

Bhishma introduces an old story told as a conversation between Indra and Gautama. The scene is set by describing Gautama’s character and his encounter in a great forest with a distressed, motherless elephant calf—an incident that will prompt the ensuing ethical discussion.