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Shloka 50

Śama-prāptiḥ — Gautamī–Lubdhaka–Pannaga–Mṛtyu–Kāla-saṃvāda

Restraint through the Analysis of Karma and Time

मृत्युरुवाच प्रचोदितो5हं कालेन पन्नग त्वामचूचुदम्‌ । विनाशहेतुर्नास्य त्वमहं न प्राणिन: शिशो:

mṛtyur uvāca | pracodito 'haṃ kālena pannaga tvām acūcudam | vināśahetur nāsya tvaṃ ahaṃ na prāṇinaḥ śiśoḥ |

മൃത്യു പറഞ്ഞു—ഹേ സർപ്പമേ! കാലത്തിന്റെ പ്രേരണയാൽ തന്നെയാണ് ഞാൻ നിന്നെ കടിക്കുവാൻ പ്രേരിപ്പിച്ചത്. അതിനാൽ ഈ ശിശുജീവിയുടെ നാശത്തിൽ നീയും ഞാനും യഥാർത്ഥ കാരണമല്ല.

मृत्युःDeath (personified)
मृत्युः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्रचोदितःimpelled, urged
प्रचोदितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-चुद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
कालेनby Time/Fate
कालेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पन्नगO serpent
पन्नग:
TypeNoun
Rootपन्नग
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
त्वाम्you
त्वाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Accusative, Singular
अचूचुदम्I impelled/urged
अचूचुदम्:
TypeVerb
Rootचुद्
FormAorist (reduplicated), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
विनाश-हेतुःcause of destruction
विनाश-हेतुः:
TypeNoun
Rootविनाशहेतु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्यof this (boy/being)
अस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootइदम्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्राणिनःof the living being
प्राणिनः:
TypeNoun
Rootप्राणिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
शिशोःof the child
शिशोः:
TypeNoun
Rootशिशु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

M
Mṛtyu (Death)
K
Kāla (Time)
P
Pannaga (serpent)
Ś
Śiśu-prāṇin (infant living being)

Educational Q&A

The verse shifts moral blame away from the immediate instrument (the serpent) and even from Death, asserting that Kāla (Time/destiny) is the overriding force behind events; it invites reflection on causality, karma, and the limits of personal agency.

In a dialogue framed within Bhīṣma’s instruction, Death personified addresses a serpent, explaining that the serpent’s bite occurred because Time impelled it, and thus neither the serpent nor Death should be seen as the direct cause of the infant’s demise.