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Shloka 49

Śama-prāptiḥ — Gautamī–Lubdhaka–Pannaga–Mṛtyu–Kāla-saṃvāda

Restraint through the Analysis of Karma and Time

भीष्म उवाच तथा ब्रुवति तस्मिंस्तु पन्नगे मृत्युचोदिते । आजगाम ततो मृत्यु: पन्नगं चाब्रवीदिदम्‌,भीष्मजी कहते हैं--राजन! मृत्युकी प्रेरणासे बालकको डँसनेवाला सर्प जब बारंबार अपनेको निर्दोष और मृत्युको दोषी बताने लगा तब मृत्यु देवता भी वहाँ आ पहुँचा और सर्पसे इस प्रकार बोला

bhīṣma uvāca tathā bruvati tasmiṁs tu pannage mṛtyucodite | ājagāma tato mṛtyuḥ pannagaṁ cābravīd idam ||

ഭീഷ്മൻ പറഞ്ഞു—“രാജാവേ! മരണത്തിന്റെ പ്രേരണയാൽ ആ ബാലനെ കടിച്ച സർപ്പം ഇങ്ങനെ വീണ്ടും വീണ്ടും താൻ നിർദോഷിയാണെന്നും കുറ്റം മരണത്തിനാണെന്നും പറയുമ്പോൾ, അപ്പോൾ മരണദേവൻ അവിടെ എത്തി സർപ്പത്തോട് ഇപ്രകാരം പറഞ്ഞു.”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
तथाthus/so
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
ब्रुवतिwhile (he) was speaking
ब्रुवति:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormPresent, Third, Singular
तस्मिन्in/at that (time/place)
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
पन्नगेin/with regard to the serpent
पन्नगे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपन्नग
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
मृत्यु-चोदितेwhen (the serpent) was impelled by Death
मृत्यु-चोदिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootमृत्युचोदित
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
आ-आजगामcame/arrived
आ-आजगाम:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-गम्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
मृत्युःDeath (personified)
मृत्युः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पन्नगम्the serpent
पन्नगम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपन्नग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अब्रवीत्said/spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect, Third, Singular
इदम्this (speech/these words)
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (Bhīṣma)
D
Death (Mṛtyu)
S
Serpent (Pannaga/Nāga)

Educational Q&A

The verse sets up an ethical problem about agency: when an act of harm is carried out under another’s instigation (here, Death’s prompting), the narrative invites reflection on who is culpable—the immediate doer, the instigator, or both—within a dharmic framework of karma and responsibility.

A serpent, prompted by Death, has bitten a child and then argues that he is not at fault, blaming Death instead. As the serpent continues speaking this way, Death personified arrives on the scene and begins to address the serpent, leading into a direct dialogue.