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Shloka 11

Śama-prāptiḥ — Gautamī–Lubdhaka–Pannaga–Mṛtyu–Kāla-saṃvāda

Restraint through the Analysis of Karma and Time

न स पश्यति दुष्टात्मा त्वामद्य पतितं क्षितौ । अतः: श्रेयो मृतं मन्‍्ये नेह जीवितमात्मन:,वह दुष्टात्मा आज आपको इस तरह भूमिपर पड़ा हुआ नहीं देख रहा है, अतः उसकी मृत्युको ही मैं यहाँ श्रेष्ठ मानता हूँ; किन्तु अपने इस जीवनको नहीं

na sa paśyati duṣṭātmā tvām adya patitaṃ kṣitau | ataḥ śreyo mṛtaṃ manye neha jīvitam ātmanaḥ ||

ആ ദുഷ്ടാത്മാവ് ഇന്ന് നിന്നെ ഇങ്ങനെ ഭൂമിയിൽ വീണുകിടക്കുന്നതായി കാണുന്നില്ല; അതിനാൽ എനിക്ക് ഇവിടെ ജീവിക്കുന്നതിനെക്കാൾ മരണമേ ശ്രേയസ്കരം എന്നു തോന്നുന്നു.

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पश्यतिsees
पश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
दुष्टात्माthe wicked-souled man
दुष्टात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुष्टात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वाम्you
त्वाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormMasculine/Feminine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular
अद्यtoday/now
अद्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
पतितम्fallen
पतितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपतित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
क्षितौon the ground/earth
क्षितौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षिति
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
अतःtherefore
अतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः
श्रेयःthe better course; welfare
श्रेयः:
TypeNoun
Rootश्रेयस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मृतम्death; being dead
मृतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमृत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मन्येI think/consider
मन्ये:
TypeVerb
Rootमन्
FormPresent (Lat), 1st, Singular, Atmanepada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
इहhere/in this world
इह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
जीवितम्life; living
जीवितम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजीवित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आत्मनःof oneself/of me
आत्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
T
tvam (the addressed person, unnamed in this verse)
D
duṣṭātmā (an unnamed wicked person)

Educational Q&A

The verse voices a dharmic anguish: when a righteous person witnesses a humiliating fall of someone worthy while the wrongdoer remains unaffected, mere survival can feel ethically hollow. It highlights the tension between endurance (living on) and the demand for moral accountability, showing how honor and justice weigh heavily in a kṣatriya moral imagination.

Yudhiṣṭhira addresses someone who has fallen on the ground and laments that the wicked person responsible (or implicated) is not present to witness this downfall. In that grief and indignation, he declares that death seems preferable to continuing life under such circumstances.