Shloka 52

Prāyaścitta for Theft, Forbidden Foods, Impurity, and Ritual Lapses; Tīrtha–Vrata Remedies; Pativratā Mahātmyam via Sītā and Agni

Devanagari script

अनुपासितसंध्यस्तु तदहर्यापको वसेत् / अनश्नन् संयतमना रात्रौ चेद् रात्रिमेव हि

Transliteration

anupāsitasaṃdhyastu tadaharyāpako vaset / anaśnan saṃyatamanā rātrau ced rātrimeva hi

Translation

സന്ധ്യോപാസന ചെയ്യാതിരുന്നവൻ ആ ദിവസം യാപകമായി (അൽപാഹാരത്തിൽ) കഴിയണം. മനസ്സിനെ സംയമിച്ച് ഭക്ഷണം ഒഴിവാക്കി; പിഴവ് രാത്രിയിൽ സംഭവിച്ചാൽ ആ രാത്രിയേ ഉപവസിക്കണം.

Word by Word

• anupāsita-saṃdhyaḥ: one who has not performed sandhyā
• anupāsita-saṃdhyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anupāsita (कृदन्त, √ās उप-आस्) + saṃdhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; kṛdanta PPP; tatpuruṣa: saṃdhyām anupāsitaḥ (one who has not worshipped the twilight-prayer)

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Nipāta/particle

• tad-ahar-yāpakaḥ: one who spends that day (in expiation)
• tad-ahar-yāpakaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + ahar (प्रातिपदिक) + yāpaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: tadahni yāpakaḥ (one who passes/spends that day)

• vaset: should stay/dwell
• vaset: Kriyā (क्रिया/verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vas (वस्)
• Form: Vidhi-liṅ (optative), Prathama puruṣa, Ekavacana, parasmaipada

• anaśnan: not eating; fasting
• anaśnan: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anaśnant (कृदन्त, √aś अश्)
• Form: Present active participle with negation; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; agreeing with subject

• saṃyata-manāḥ: with controlled mind
• saṃyata-manāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saṃyata (कृदन्त, √yam यम्) + manas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; bahuvrīhi: saṃyataṃ manaḥ yasya saḥ (whose mind is restrained)

• rātrau: at night
• rātrau: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location-Time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rātri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (fem), Saptamī vibhakti (Loc, 7th), Ekavacana

• cet: if
• cet: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: cet (अव्यय)
• Form: Nipāta (conditional particle)

• rātrim: the night
• rātrim: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rātri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Dvitīyā vibhakti (Acc, 2nd), Ekavacana

• eva: only/indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avadhāraṇa-nipāta (emphatic particle)

• hi: for/indeed
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Nipāta (causal/emphatic particle)

Speaker

Traditional Purāṇic narrator (Vyāsa/compilers) giving dharma-instructions in an impersonal injunctional style

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Characters & Entities

• Sandhyā
• Upavāsa

More Details (3 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

Indirectly, it points to Atman-oriented discipline: self-restraint (saṃyata-manā) and regulated living are presented as prerequisites for inner purity, which supports contemplative realization taught elsewhere in the Kurma Purana’s yoga and jñāna sections.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

The verse emphasizes niyama-like disciplines: Sandhyā (daily twilight recitation/meditation), upavāsa (fasting), and saṃyama (mental restraint). These function as purificatory supports for higher yoga—steady mind, regulated senses, and devotion.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

It does not name Shiva or Vishnu directly, but it reflects the Kurma Purana’s integrated dharma-yoga framework shared across Shaiva and Vaishnava practice: disciplined daily worship and self-control are common foundations leading toward one Supreme reality.