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Shloka 53

Cosmic Manifestation, Mahāmāyā’s Mandate, Varṇāśrama-Dharma, and the Unity of the Trimūrti

धर्मश्चार्थश्च कामश्च त्रिवर्गस्त्रिगुणो मतः / सत्त्वं रजस्तमश्चेति तस्माद्धर्मं समाश्रयेत्

dharmaścārthaśca kāmaśca trivargastriguṇo mataḥ / sattvaṃ rajastamaśceti tasmāddharmaṃ samāśrayet

ധർമ്മം, അർത്ഥം, കാമം എന്ന ത്രിവർഗം ത്രിഗുണാത്മകമാണെന്ന് കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു—സത്ത്വം, രജസ്, തമസ്; അതിനാൽ ധർമ്മത്തെ ആശ്രയിക്കണം।

dharmaḥdharma
dharmaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Member of list)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयार्थक-निपात
arthaḥwealth/benefit
arthaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Member of list)
TypeNoun
Rootartha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयार्थक-निपात
kāmaḥdesire/pleasure
kāmaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Member of list)
TypeNoun
Rootkāma (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयार्थक-निपात
tri-vargaḥthe triad (three aims)
tri-vargaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Roottri + varga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (त्रयाणां वर्गः)
tri-guṇaḥthreefold in qualities
tri-guṇaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Roottri + guṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (त्रयो गुणाः यस्य/त्रिगुणः) विशेषण (trivargaḥ इति)
mataḥis considered
mataḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicative)
TypeVerb
Root√man (धातु) क्त (मत)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; भावे ‘is considered’
sattvamsattva
sattvam:
Karta (कर्ता/Member of list)
TypeNoun
Rootsattva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
rajaḥrajas
rajaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Member of list)
TypeNoun
Rootrajas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
tamaḥtamas
tamaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Member of list)
TypeNoun
Roottamas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयार्थक-निपात
itithus
iti:
Vākyārtha (वाक्यार्थ/Quotation marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, इति-निपात (quotative/thus)
tasmāttherefore
tasmāt:
Hetu (हेतु/Reason marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (तस्मात्), अर्थे ‘therefore’
dharmamdharma
dharmam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
samāśrayetshould resort to
samāśrayet:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Root√śri (धातु) + sam-ā
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Lord Kūrma (Vishnu) instructing the sages/Indradyumna contextually

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

L
Lord Kurma
D
Dharma
A
Artha
K
Kama
S
Sattva
R
Rajas
T
Tamas

FAQs

Indirectly: it frames human pursuits (dharma, artha, kāma) as operating within guṇas (sattva-rajas-tamas), implying that spiritual clarity begins by elevating life through dharma, which supports inner purification conducive to Self-knowledge.

The verse emphasizes the ethical prerequisite for Yoga: grounding life in dharma to cultivate sattva. In Kurma Purana’s broader spiritual framework (including Pāśupata-oriented discipline), such dharmic alignment stabilizes mind and conduct, enabling effective sādhana.

By prioritizing dharma as the governing principle over desire and acquisition, it aligns with the Kurma Purana’s integrative theology where devotion and discipline—whether framed through Viṣṇu as Kūrma or Śaiva/Pāśupata ideals—share a common dharmic foundation.