Shloka 45
चतुर्युगाख्यान (Caturyuga-Ākhyāna) — Yuga-wise Origins and Measurements of Beings
Devanagari script
दृष्ट्वा तु भूतमर्थं यः पृष्टो वै न निगू हति / यथा भूतप्रवादस्तु इत्येतत्सत्यलक्षणम्
Transliteration
dṛṣṭvā tu bhūtamarthaṃ yaḥ pṛṣṭo vai na nigū hati / yathā bhūtapravādastu ityetatsatyalakṣaṇam
Translation
കണ്ട യാഥാർത്ഥ്യം ചോദിക്കപ്പെട്ടപ്പോൾ മറയ്ക്കാതെ, സംഭവിച്ചതുപോലെ തന്നെ പറയുന്നത്—ഇതാണ് സത്യത്തിന്റെ ലക്ഷണം.
Word by Word
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Purvakala (पूर्वकाल/Absolutive)
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु) + त्वा (क्त्वा)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive): 'having seen'
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (particle)
भूतम्as it really is/actual
भूतम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootभूत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; accusative singular; विशेषण
अर्थम्the matter/meaning/fact
अर्थम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; accusative singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; relative pronoun nominative singular
पृष्टः(when) asked
पृष्टः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रच्छ् (धातु) + त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'having been asked'
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चयार्थक अव्यय (emphatic particle)
नnot
न:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक अव्यय (negation)
निगूहतिconceals/hides
निगूहति:
Kriya (क्रिया/Action)
TypeVerb
Rootनि-गूह् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; present indicative 3rd singular
यथाas
यथा:
Prakara (प्रकार/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारवाचक अव्यय (adverb: as/according to)
भूत-प्रवादःstatement of what is (truthful report)
भूत-प्रवादः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootभूत + प्रवाद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; nominative singular
तुindeed/but
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (particle)
इतिthus
इति:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Quotation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण/समाप्त्यर्थक अव्यय (quotative particle)
एतत्this
एतत्:
Pradhana (प्रधान/Predicate)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; demonstrative pronoun
सत्य-लक्षणम्the definition/mark of truth
सत्य-लक्षणम्:
Pradhana (प्रधान/Predicate)
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य + लक्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; predicate nominative/accusative