Shloka 18

Yuga-Vibhāga and Kāla-Pramāṇa

Measures of Time and the Four Yugas

Devanagari script

नव यानि सहस्राणि वर्षाणां मानुषाणि तु / अन्यानि नवतिश्चैव ध्रुवः संवत्सरः स्मृतः

Transliteration

nava yāni sahasrāṇi varṣāṇāṃ mānuṣāṇi tu / anyāni navatiścaiva dhruvaḥ saṃvatsaraḥ smṛtaḥ

Translation

മനുഷ്യവർഷങ്ങളിൽ ഒമ്പതിനായിരം വർഷവും, പിന്നെ മറ്റൊരു തൊണ്ണൂറ് വർഷവും—ഇതിനെ ‘ധ്രുവ സംവത്സരം’ എന്നു സ്മരിക്കുന്നു.

Word by Word

• nava: nine
• nava: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; numeral adjective qualifying sahasrāṇi

• yāni: which (those)
• yāni: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; relative pronoun correlating with tāni (implicit)

• sahasrāṇi: thousands
• sahasrāṇi: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sahasra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural

• varṣāṇām: of years
• varṣāṇām: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: varṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural

• mānuṣāṇi: human
• mānuṣāṇi: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mānuṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural; adjective qualifying varṣāṇām

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध-बोधक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), contrast/emphasis

• anyāni: other
• anyāni: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; adjective (elliptic: 'other [years]')

• navatiḥ: ninety
• navatiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: navati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; numeral used substantively

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• eva: indeed/just
• eva: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध-बोधक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (निपात)

• dhruvaḥ: fixed/constant
• dhruvaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dhruva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; predicate adjective qualifying saṃvatsaraḥ

• saṃvatsaraḥ: a year (cycle)
• saṃvatsaraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṃvatsara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• smṛtaḥ: is said/considered
• smṛtaḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: smṛ (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त/ktá), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; used predicatively: 'is said/considered'