Shloka 1
Yuga-Vibhāga and Kāla-Pramāṇa
Measures of Time and the Four Yugas
Devanagari script
इति श्रीब्रह्माण्डे महापुराणे वायुप्रोक्ते पूर्वभागे द्वितीये ऽनुषङ्गपादे अमावस्याश्राद्धे पितृविचयोनामाष्टाविंशति तमो ऽध्यायः ऋषिरुवाच चतुर्युगानि यान्यासन्पूर्वं स्वायंभुवे ऽन्तरे / तेषां निसर्गं तत्त्वं च श्रोतुमिच्छामि विस्तरात्
Transliteration
iti śrībrahmāṇḍe mahāpurāṇe vāyuprokte pūrvabhāge dvitīye 'nuṣaṅgapāde amāvasyāśrāddhe pitṛvicayonāmāṣṭāviṃśati tamo 'dhyāyaḥ ṛṣiruvāca caturyugāni yānyāsanpūrvaṃ svāyaṃbhuve 'ntare / teṣāṃ nisargaṃ tattvaṃ ca śrotumicchāmi vistarāt
Translation
ഇങ്ങനെ ശ്രീബ്രഹ്മാണ്ഡ മഹാപുരാണത്തിൽ, വായുപ്രോക്ത പൂർവഭാഗത്തിലെ ദ്വിതീയ അനുഷംഗപാദത്തിൽ, അമാവാസ്യാശ്രാദ്ധത്തിൽ ‘പിതൃവിചയ’ എന്ന പേരിലുള്ള ഇരുപത്തെട്ടാം അധ്യായം. ഋഷി പറഞ്ഞു—സ്വായംഭുവ മന്വന്തരത്തിൽ മുമ്പുണ്ടായിരുന്ന ചതുര്യുഗങ്ങളുടെ ഉദ്ഭവവും തത്ത്വവും ഞാൻ വിശദമായി കേൾക്കാൻ ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്നു.
Word by Word
itithus
iti:
Vākyārtha-sūcaka (वाक्यार्थसूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; iti-śabda (quotative/समाप्तिसूचक)
śrī-brahmāṇḍein the revered Brahmāṇḍa (Purāṇa)
śrī-brahmāṇḍe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootśrī (प्रातिपदिक) + brahmāṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsaka, Saptamī vibhakti (7th/सप्तमी), Ekavacana; karmadhāraya title-compound
mahā-purāṇein the Mahāpurāṇa
mahā-purāṇe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + purāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsaka, Saptamī, Ekavacana; ‘in the great Purāṇa’
vāyu-proktespoken by Vāyu
vāyu-prokte:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvāyu (प्रातिपदिक) + prokta (कृदन्त; √vac ‘to say’, ppp)
FormNapuṃsaka, Saptamī, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa ‘vāyunā prokte’ (instrumental relation) qualifying purāṇe
pūrva-bhāgein the former section
pūrva-bhāge:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpūrva (प्रातिपदिक) + bhāga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa ‘pūrvaḥ bhāgaḥ’
dvitīyein the second
dvitīye:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdvitīya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana; ordinal adjective qualifying bhāge
anuṣaṅga-pādein the Anuṣaṅga-pāda
anuṣaṅga-pāde:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootanuṣaṅga (प्रातिपदिक) + pāda (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa (name of subdivision)
amāvasyā-śrāddhein the Amāvasyā-śrāddha section
amāvasyā-śrāddhe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootamāvasyā (प्रातिपदिक) + śrāddha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsaka, Saptamī, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa ‘amāvasyāyāḥ śrāddham’
pitṛ-vicaya-nāmānamed ‘Pitṛvicaya’
pitṛ-vicaya-nāmā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpitṛ (प्रातिपदिक) + vicaya (प्रातिपदिक) + nāman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa ‘pitṝṇāṃ vicayaḥ’ + ‘nāmā’ = ‘named Pitṛvicaya’ qualifying adhyāyaḥ
aṣṭāviṃśatitamaḥtwenty-eighth
aṣṭāviṃśatitamaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootaṣṭāviṃśati (प्रातिपदिक संख्या) + tama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; ordinal ‘twenty-eighth’ qualifying adhyāyaḥ
adhyāyaḥchapter
adhyāyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootadhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
ṛṣiḥthe sage
ṛṣiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootṛṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
FormLiṭ lakāra (लिट्, perfect), Parasmaipada, Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana
catur-yugānithe four yugas (set of four ages)
catur-yugāni:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootcatur (प्रातिपदिक संख्या) + yuga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsaka, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana; dvigu ‘caturṇāṃ yugānām samāhāraḥ’
yāniwhich
yāni:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक सर्वनाम)
FormNapuṃsaka, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; relative pronoun referring to caturyugāni
āsanwere
āsan:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√as (धातु)
FormLaṅ lakāra (लङ्, imperfect past), Parasmaipada, Prathama-puruṣa, Bahuvacana
pūrvamformerly; earlier
pūrvam:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpūrva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya (adverb)
svāyaṃbhuvein (the period of) Svāyambhuva
svāyaṃbhuve:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsvāyaṃbhuva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana
antarewithin; during (the manvantara)
antare:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootantara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsaka, Saptamī, Ekavacana; ‘within, in the interval’
teṣāmof those
teṣām:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक सर्वनाम)
FormNapuṃsaka/Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Bahuvacana; referring to caturyugāni
nisargamorigin; emanation
nisargam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootnisarga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana
tattvamprinciple; reality
tattvam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottattva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction
śrotumto hear
śrotum:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeVerb
Root√śru (धातु)
FormTumunanta (तुमुन् infinitive)
icchāmiI wish
icchāmi:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√iṣ (धातु)
FormLaṭ lakāra, Parasmaipada, Uttama-puruṣa, Ekavacana
vistarātin detail; at length
vistarāt:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootvistara (प्रातिपदik)
FormPuṃliṅga, Pañcamī (5th), Ekavacana; ablative used adverbially ‘in detail/at length’