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Shloka 51

Diti’s Puṁsavana Vow, Indra’s Intervention, and the Birth of the Maruts

नाधौतपादाप्रयता नार्द्रपादा उदक्शिरा: । शयीत नापराङ्‌नान्यैर्न नग्ना न च सन्ध्ययो: ॥ ५१ ॥

nādhauta-pādāprayatā nārdra-pādā udak-śirāḥ śayīta nāparāṅ nānyair na nagnā na ca sandhyayoḥ

രണ്ടു കാലുകളും കഴുകാതെ, ശുദ്ധിയില്ലാതെ കിടക്കരുത്; നനഞ്ഞ കാലുകളോടെയും കിടക്കരുത്; തല വടക്കോ പടിഞ്ഞാറോ ആയി വെച്ച് ഉറങ്ങരുത്. നഗ്നമായി, മറ്റു സ്ത്രീകളോടൊപ്പം, കൂടാതെ സൂര്യോദയ-സൂര്യാസ്തമയ സമയങ്ങളിലും കിടക്കരുത്.

nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
adhautaunwashed
adhauta:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roota-dhauta (कृदन्त; √dhāv/√dhau धो/धाव् + क्त, with negation)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (in compound)
pādāwith unwashed feet
pādā:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootpāda (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय/बहुव्रीह्यर्थे समासः (adhauta-pādā = ‘with unwashed feet’); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
aprayatāunattentive / unrestrained
aprayatā:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeAdjective
Roota-prayata (कृदन्त; √yat यत् + क्त, with negation)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
ārdrawet
ārdra:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootārdra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (in compound)
pādāwith wet feet
pādā:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootpāda (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय/बहुव्रीह्यर्थे समासः (ārdra-pādā = ‘with wet feet’); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
udakwater / north (udak = northern)
udak:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootudak(a) (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (in compound)
śirāḥwith head towards the north
śirāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootśiras (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुव्रीहिसमासः (udak-śirāḥ = ‘having the head to the north’); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (agreeing with implied strī)
śayītashould lie down/sleep
śayīta:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√śī (शी)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), आत्मनेपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
aparāṅfacing west/backwards
aparāṅ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootaparāñc (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; दिशावाचक (facing west/backward)
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
anyaiḥwith others
anyaiḥ:
Sahakāraka (सहकारक/सह)
TypeNoun
Rootanya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन; सहकारक (instrumental of association)
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
nagnānaked
nagnā:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootnagna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
sandhyayoḥat the two twilights (dawn and dusk)
sandhyayoḥ:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsandhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी/सप्तमी द्विवचन (genitive/locative dual); here locative sense ‘at the two twilights’
K
Kaśyapa
D
Diti

FAQs

This verse advises avoiding sleeping during the two sandhyās and maintaining purity and proper conduct, treating these junction times as spiritually significant.

Diti sought a boon and observance for her purpose; Kaśyapa therefore prescribed disciplined conduct and purity rules so the vow would be properly protected and spiritually regulated.

Keep personal cleanliness before rest, maintain respectful marital boundaries, and reserve dawn/dusk for calmness, prayer, or mindful routine rather than indulgence or negligence.