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Shloka 4

Dadhīci’s Supreme Charity and the Opening of Indra’s War with Vṛtrāsura

जिजीविषूणां जीवानामात्मा प्रेष्ठ इहेप्सित: । क उत्सहेत तं दातुं भिक्षमाणाय विष्णवे ॥ ४ ॥

jijīviṣūṇāṁ jīvānām ātmā preṣṭha ihepsitaḥ ka utsaheta taṁ dātuṁ bhikṣamāṇāya viṣṇave

ഈ ലോകത്ത് ജീവിക്കാൻ ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്ന ജീവികൾക്ക് സ്വന്തം ശരീരമാണ് ഏറ്റവും പ്രിയം. അതിനെ രക്ഷിക്കാൻ എല്ലാം ത്യജിക്കും; അപ്പോൾ വിഷ്ണു തന്നെയെങ്കിലും ചോദിച്ചാൽ ശരീരം ആരാണ് നൽകുക?

जिजीविषूणाम्of those desiring to live
जिजीविषूणाम्:
Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootजिजीविषु (प्रातिपदिक; √जीव् धातोः इच्छार्थक-प्रत्ययान्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन; 'to those who wish to live'
जीवानाम्of living beings
जीवानाम्:
Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootजीव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन
आत्माthe self/life
आत्मा:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन
प्रेष्ठःmost dear
प्रेष्ठः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रेष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक; प्रिय-तमार्थे)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन; विशेषणम् आत्मनः
इहhere (in this world)
इह:
Desha/Kaala (देश/काल-अव्यय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; देश/कालवाचक (adverb; 'here/in this world')
ईप्सितःdesired
ईप्सितः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootईप्सित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √आप्/ईप्स् इच्छार्थे)
Formभूतकृदन्त/कृत-प्रत्ययान्त; पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् आत्मनः; 'desired'
कःwho?
कः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन
उत्सहेतwould dare/venture
उत्सहेत:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootउत्सह् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
तम्that (self/life)
तम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन
दातुम्to give
दातुम्:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन/उद्देश्य)
TypeVerb
Rootदा (धातु)
Formतुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive); 'to give'
भिक्षमाणायto (one) begging
भिक्षमाणाय:
Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
TypeVerb
Rootभिक्ष् (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान-कृदन्त (present participle); पुंलिङ्ग; चतुर्थी (Dative/4th), एकवचन; 'to one who is begging'
विष्णवेto Vishnu
विष्णवे:
Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootविष्णु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; चतुर्थी (Dative/4th), एकवचन

It is said, ātmānaṁ sarvato rakṣet tato dharmaṁ tato dhanam: one must protect his body by all means; then he may protect his religious principles and thereafter his possessions. This is the natural desire of all living entities. No one wants to give up his body unless it is forcibly given away. Even though the demigods said that they were demanding Dadhīci’s body for their benefit in accordance with the order of Lord Viṣṇu, Dadhīci superficially refused to give them his body.

V
Viṣṇu

FAQs

This verse highlights that life is the dearest possession for embodied beings, yet true surrender means offering even that—especially when it is requested in service to Lord Viṣṇu.

In the context of the demigods’ struggle and the gravity of divine service, he underscores that sacrificing one’s life is not ordinary heroism—it becomes possible only through deep devotion and obedience to the Lord’s will.

By offering what is most “dear” to us—time, ego, comfort, and attachments—in sincere service to God and dharma, cultivating practical surrender through daily choices.