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Shloka 43

Prāyaścitta, the ‘Elephant Bath’ Problem, and the Opening of Ajāmila-Upākhyāna

एतैरधर्मो विज्ञात: स्थानं दण्डस्य युज्यते । सर्वे कर्मानुरोधेन दण्डमर्हन्ति कारिण: ॥ ४३ ॥

etair adharmo vijñātaḥ sthānaṁ daṇḍasya yujyate sarve karmānurodhena daṇḍam arhanti kāriṇaḥ

ഈ സാക്ഷികളാൽ അധർമ്മം തെളിയുമ്പോൾ ദണ്ഡം വിധിക്കുന്നത് യുക്തമാണ്. ഫലാഭിലാഷത്തോടെ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്ന ഓരോ കർത്താവും തന്റെ പാപപ്രവൃത്തിക്കനുസരിച്ച് ശിക്ഷയ്ക്ക് അർഹനാണ്।

एतैःby these (witnesses)
एतैः:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण/3rd), बहुवचन; ‘by these’
अधर्मःunrighteousness
अधर्मः:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
विज्ञातःis ascertained
विज्ञातः:
क्रिया (Predicative/कृदन्त-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवि + ज्ञा (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त/PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘known/ascertained’ (predicate)
स्थानम्the place/occasion
स्थानम्:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootस्थान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
दण्डस्यof punishment
दण्डस्य:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध/6th), एकवचन
युज्यतेis appropriate
युज्यते:
क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootयुज् (धातु)
Formलट् (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; passive sense ‘is appropriate/is applied’
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘all’ qualifying कारिणः
कर्म-अनुरोधेनaccording to the deed
कर्म-अनुरोधेन:
हेतु/प्रकार (Manner/Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन् + अनुरोध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; ‘in accordance with the act/deed’
दण्डम्punishment
दण्डम्:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म/2nd), एकवचन
अर्हन्तिdeserve
अर्हन्ति:
क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह् (धातु)
Formलट् (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
कारिणःdoers (agents)
कारिणः:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकारिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; agent noun ‘doers’
Y
Yamarāja
Y
Yamadūtas

FAQs

This verse states that punishment (daṇḍa) is rightly given when irreligion (adharma) is identified, and that every person is judged in accordance with their specific actions (karma-anurodhena).

They were defending the principle of moral order—arguing that sinful behavior can be recognized by its symptoms and that offenders should be punished proportionally to their deeds.

Act with responsibility: understand that choices have consequences, and align daily conduct with dharma—truthfulness, self-control, and non-harm—to avoid creating suffering for oneself and others.