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Shloka 31

Pūtanā-mokṣa — The Witch Pūtanā’s Attempt and Kṛṣṇa’s Deliverance

तावन्नन्दादयो गोपा मथुराया व्रजं गता: । विलोक्य पूतनादेहं बभूवुरतिविस्मिता: ॥ ३१ ॥

tāvan nandādayo gopā mathurāyā vrajaṁ gatāḥ vilokya pūtanā-dehaṁ babhūvur ativismitāḥ

അതിനിടയിൽ നന്ദമഹാരാജാവും മറ്റ് ഗോപന്മാരും മഥുരയിൽ നിന്ന് വ്രജത്തിലേക്ക് മടങ്ങി. വഴിയിൽ പൂതനയുടെ ഭീമാകാരമായ ശരീരം കണ്ട് അവർ അത്ഭുതപ്പെട്ടു.

तावत्then/so long
तावत्:
सम्बन्ध/कालाधिकरण (Kāla-adhikaraṇa)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतावत् (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (Avyaya), कालवाचक/परिमाणवाचक (temporal/extent adverb): 'so long/then'
नन्द-आदयःNanda and others
नन्द-आदयः:
कर्ता (Kartā)
TypeNoun
Rootनन्द (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; 'नन्दः आदिः येषाम्' इति (Nanda and others)
गोपाःcowherds
गोपाः:
कर्ता (Kartā)
TypeNoun
Rootगोप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन
मथुरायाःfrom Mathurā
मथुरायाः:
अपादान (Apādāna)
TypeNoun
Rootमथुरा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th, Ablative), एकवचन (from Mathurā)
व्रजम्to Vraja
व्रजम्:
कर्म (Karma)
TypeNoun
Rootव्रज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
गताःhaving gone/returned
गताः:
क्रिया (Kriyā)
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु) → गत (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकृत् (past participle), क्त (kta); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; क्रियाविशेषणवत्/विधेय (having gone)
विलोक्यhaving seen
विलोक्य:
पूर्वकालक्रिया (Pūrvakāla-kriyā)
TypeVerb
Rootवि-लोक् (धातु) → विलोक्य (क्त्वान्त)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive): 'having seen'
पूतना-देहम्Pūtanā’s body
पूतना-देहम्:
कर्म (Karma)
TypeNoun
Rootपूतना (प्रातिपदिक) + देह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative): 'पूतनायाः देहः'
बभूवुःthey became/were
बभूवुः:
क्रिया (Kriyā)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन
अति-विस्मिताःgreatly astonished
अति-विस्मिताः:
कर्तृसम्बन्धी विधेयविशेषण (Predicate adjective of subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootअति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + विस्मित (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; अव्ययीभाव: 'अत्यन्तं विस्मिताः' (very astonished)

Nanda Mahārāja’s wonder may be understood in various ways. First of all, the cowherd men had never before seen such a gigantic body in Vṛndāvana, and therefore they were struck with wonder. Then they began to consider where such a body had come from, whether it had dropped from the sky, or whether, by some mistake or by the power of some mystic yoginī, they had come to some place other than Vṛndāvana. They could not actually guess what had happened, and therefore they were struck with wonder.

N
Nanda
G
Gopas
M
Mathurā
V
Vraja
P
Pūtanā

FAQs

This verse notes that when Nanda and the other gopas returned from Mathurā to Vraja and saw Pūtanā’s body, they were shocked—highlighting the extraordinary nature of Krishna’s protection in Vraja.

Because they encountered the massive corpse of Pūtanā in Vraja—an event beyond ordinary experience—confirming that something miraculous had occurred in Krishna’s presence.

The shloka supports a devotional takeaway: cultivate faith that sincere devotion brings divine protection, while remaining attentive and responsible in daily duties like Nanda and the gopas.