Sutra 20

Devanagari script

देवपशुमृषभमुक्षाणं गोकुमारीं वा वाहयतः पञ्चशतो दण्डः प्रवासयत उत्तमः ॥ कZ_०४.१३.२० ॥

Transliteration

devapaśumṛṣabham ukṣāṇaṃ gokumārīṃ vā vāhayataḥ pañcaśato daṇḍaḥ pravāsayata uttamaḥ

Translation

ദേവപശു, കാള, പോത്ത് അല്ലെങ്കിൽ കിടാരി (ഹീഫർ) എന്നിവയെ ഭാരം ചുമക്കാൻ നിർബന്ധിച്ചാൽ അഞ്ചുനൂറ് പിഴ; അവയെ ഓടിച്ചുവിടൽ/നിര്വാസനം ചെയ്താൽ പരമോന്നത ശിക്ഷ ബാധകം.

Word by Word

• देवपशु: a consecrated/temple animal
• Type: Noun
• Root: पशु
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (सन्दर्भे द्वितीया—वाहयतः कर्म)

• ऋषभम्: a bull (stud bull)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋषभ
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन

• उक्षाणम्: a breeding bull/ox
• Type: Noun
• Root: उक्षन्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन

• गोकुमारीम्: a heifer (young/virgin cow)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोकुमारी
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्यय

• वाहयतः: (one) who makes (them) draw/hauls (them)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वह् (वाहयति)
• Form: णिच्-प्रयोग (causative); लट्; प्रथमपुरुष?—न, ‘वाहयतः’ = वर्तमानकाले कर्तरि; प्रथमा द्विवचन (कर्तरि) / अथवा षष्ठी एकवचन (सम्बन्धे) — अत्र दण्डविधौ ‘(यः) वाहयति’ इत्यर्थे व्यवहारतः कर्तरि (agent)

• पञ्चशतः: five hundred (as the amount)
• Type: Numeral (Noun-like)
• Root: पञ्चशत
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन (दण्डः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)

• दण्डः: a fine/punishment
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन

• प्रवासयतः: (one) who drives away/banishes (them)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-वास् (प्रवासयति)
• Form: णिच्-प्रयोग (causative); लट्; प्रथमा द्विवचन (कर्तरि) / अथवा षष्ठी एकवचन—अत्र दण्डविधौ ‘(यः) प्रवासयति’ इत्यर्थे कर्तरि

• उत्तमः: the highest (grade)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; (दण्डः) इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

Entities Mentioned

• deva-paśu (temple animal)
• bull
• ox
• heifer
• offender

More Details

FAQs

Why is driving away (pravāsana) punished more severely than making the animal carry a load?

Removal risks permanent loss of productive and/or endowed property and disrupts agrarian and religious-economic arrangements.

What administrative values are protected here?

Agricultural capacity (draught animals), social-religious endowments, and the integrity of property rights.