Sutra 1
Devanagari script
कामादिरुत्सेकः स्वाः प्रकृतीः कोपयति अपनयो बाह्याः ॥ कZ_०९.७.०१ ॥
Transliteration
kāmādir utsekaḥ svāḥ prakṛtīḥ kopayati apanayo bāhyāḥ
Translation
കാമം മുതലായവയിൽ നിന്നുള്ള അഹങ്കാരപരമായ അതിരുകടപ്പ് സ്വന്തം പ്രകൃതികളെ കോപിപ്പിക്കുകയും ബാഹ്യ പിന്തുണക്കാരെ അകറ്റുകയും ചെയ്യുന്നു.
Word by Word
कामादिःone whose beginning is desire; desire etc. (as the starting cause)
कामादिः:
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; समासः—कामः आदिः यस्य (काम-आदि)
उत्सेकःarrogance, insolence, overbearing pride
उत्सेकः:
TypeNoun
Rootउत्सेक
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन
स्वाःone’s own
स्वाः:
TypeAdjective/Pronoun
Rootस्व
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-बहुवचन; प्रकृतीः इति विशेषणम्
प्रकृतीःconstituent elements (of the state); one’s own state-factors
प्रकृतीः:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-बहुवचन; कर्मपदम्
कोपयतिprovokes to anger; enrages
कोपयति:
TypeVerb
Rootकुप् (कोपयति)
Formलट्; परस्मैपदम्; प्रथम-पुरुष; एकवचन; णिच् (causative) प्रयोगः
अपनयःloss, removal, alienation
अपनयः:
TypeNoun
Rootअपनय
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; (अर्थे—अपगमन/विनाश/हानि)
बाह्याःexternal (persons/enemies); outsiders
बाह्याः:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootबाह्य
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; (जनाः/शत्रवः इति अध्याहारः)
Entities Mentioned
P
prakṛti (constituents of the state)B
bāhya (external supporters)FAQs
The core state-elements—king/leadership, ministers, territory/people, fortified centers, treasury, army, and allies—i.e., the regime’s functional base.
Private vices translate into public costs: leader arrogance can simultaneously trigger internal dissent and external desertion.