Sutra 61

Devanagari script

दण्डश्चतुर्गुणः सान्त्वदानभेदपूर्वः ॥ कZ_०९.६.६१ ॥

Transliteration

daṇḍaś caturguṇaḥ sāntva-dāna-bheda-pūrvaḥ.

Translation

ദണ്ഡം/ശിക്ഷ നാലുവിധം; അത് സാന്ത്വനം, ദാനം/പ്രലോഭനം, ഭേദം എന്നിവ മുൻകൂട്ടി നടത്തി ശേഷം പ്രയോഗിക്കണം.

Word by Word

• दण्डः: punishment; the king’s coercive power
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्

• चतुर्गुणः: fourfold; consisting of four kinds
• Type: Adjective (Noun-adjective)
• Root: चतुर् + गुण
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्; दण्डः इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्

• सान्त्व: conciliation; appeasement
• Type: Noun
• Root: सान्त्व
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्; समाहार-द्वन्द्वे पूर्वपदम्

• दान: gift; granting (as a means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दा (दान)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्; समाहार-द्वन्द्वे मध्यपदम्

• भेद: dissension; division
• Type: Noun
• Root: भिद् (भेद)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्; समाहार-द्वन्द्वे उत्तरपदम्

• पूर्वः: preceded by; having as preliminaries
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्; चतुर्गुणः इत्यस्य विशेषणम् (सान्त्व-दान-भेद-पूर्वः)

Entities Mentioned

• daṇḍa
• sāntva
• dāna
• bheda

More Details

FAQs

What is the administrative intent of making daṇḍa ‘caturguṇa’?

Daṇḍa is the most comprehensive and severe instrument; it presumes (and ideally builds on) the prior three measures to maximize effectiveness and legitimacy while minimizing cost.