Agni Purana — Kosha, Shloka 22
Chapter 360 — अव्ययवर्गाः
Groups of Indeclinables
तिर्यगर्थे साचि तिरो ऽप्यथ सम्बोधनार्थकाः स्युः प्याट्पाड्ङ्ग हे है भोः समया निकषा हिरुक्
tiryagarthe sāci tiro 'pyatha sambodhanārthakāḥ syuḥ pyāṭpāḍṅga he hai bhoḥ samayā nikaṣā hiruk
‘തിര്യക്/അടിക്കുറുകെ’ എന്ന അർത്ഥത്തിൽ ‘സാചി’യും ‘തിരോ’യും നിപാതങ്ങളായി പ്രയോഗിക്കുന്നു. സംബോധനാർത്ഥക നിപാതങ്ങൾ ‘പ്യാട്’, ‘പാഡ്ങ്ഗ’, ‘ഹേ’, ‘ഹൈ’, ‘ഭോഃ’; അതുപോലെ ‘സമയാ’, ‘നികഷാ’, ‘ഹിരുക്’ എന്നിവയും നിപാതരൂപത്തിൽ വരുന്നു.
Lord Agni (instructing the sage Vasiṣṭha in encyclopedic topics, here grammar/avyayas)
Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Vyakarana","secondary_vidya":"Nirukta","practical_application":"Correctly selecting indeclinable particles (avyayas) for precise semantic force in speech, recitation, and textual interpretation—especially directional sense (tiryak) and vocative address.","sutra_style":true}
Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"List","entry_title":"Avyaya-particles for tiryak-artha and sambodhana","lookup_keywords":["tiryak-artha","sāci","tiro","sambodhana-avyaya","bhoḥ"],"quick_summary":"Defines which particles convey ‘across/sideways’ (sāci, tiro) and lists vocative/address particles (pyāṭ, pāḍṅga, he, hai, bhoḥ), plus additional particles (samayā, nikaṣā, hiruk) for usage recognition in reading and composition."}
Khanda Section: Vyakarana (Grammar) / Nirukta-style Indeclinables (Avyaya) and Particles
Primary Rasa: samanya
Secondary Rasa: adbhuta
Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A traditional Sanskrit teacher points to a palm-leaf manuscript listing avyayas; students repeat ‘sāci, tiro’ and vocatives ‘he, bhoḥ’ as examples of address and sideways direction.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural style gurukula interior, acharya with palm-leaf manuscript, students seated, stylized script panels showing ‘साचि तिरो’ and ‘हे भोः’, earthy reds and greens, temple-school ambience.","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting of a seated acharya teaching grammar, ornate wooden desk with palm leaves, gold-leaf halo-like arch behind the teacher, highlighted Sanskrit syllables ‘हे भोः’, rich maroons and gold detailing.","mysore_prompt":"Mysore painting instructional scene: grammar lesson with labeled callouts for ‘tiryak-artha’ and ‘sambodhana’, clean lines, soft shading, manuscript and stylus prominent.","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature of a scholarly assembly, teacher demonstrating a lexicon list, fine borders, delicate script cartouches containing ‘sāci’ ‘tiro’ ‘bhoḥ’, subdued palette and detailed textiles."}
Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"instructional","suggested_raga":null,"pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}
Sandhi Resolution Notes: तिरो ऽपि = तिरः + अपि; अन्यत्र स्पष्ट-संहिता। ‘समया’ इत्यत्र पाठभेद/लिप्यन्तरसमस्या सम्भाव्य (समयाः)।
Related Themes: Agni Purana 360 (Avyaya-nirukti section); Agni Purana grammar/lexicon passages on nipāta and avyaya usage
FAQs
This verse imparts Vyākaraṇa-vidyā: it classifies specific indeclinables/particles—those expressing the meaning ‘across/sideways’ (sāci, tiro) and those used for direct address (he, hai, bhoḥ, etc.), aiding precise Sanskrit usage.
By cataloging grammatical particles and their semantic functions, the text functions like a reference manual—alongside its teachings on ritual, polity, medicine, and arts—showing the Agni Purana’s compendium-style coverage of disciplines.
Though primarily technical, correct speech and accurate recitation are traditionally viewed as supporting dharma: grammatical clarity safeguards the intended meaning of mantras, teachings, and respectful forms of address.