शरद्वर्णनं, योगोपमा, तथा गोवर्धन-यज्ञप्रवर्तनम्
कृषिर् वणिज्या तद्वच् च तृतीयं पशुपालनम् विद्या ह्य् एका महाभाग वार्ता वृत्तित्रयाश्रया
kṛṣir vaṇijyā tadvac ca tṛtīyaṃ paśupālanam vidyā hy ekā mahābhāga vārtā vṛttitrayāśrayā
ກະສິກໍາ, ການຄ້າ, ແລະປະການທີສາມຄືການລ້ຽງສັດ—ທັງສາມນີ້ແມ່ນວິຖີຫາລ້ຽງຊີບທີ່ເອີ້ນວ່າ “ວາຣຕາ”. ແຕ່ໂອ ຜູ້ມີບຸນ, ມັນເປັນວິຊາດຽວ ເນື່ອງຈາກຄວາມຮູ້ວາຣຕາອາໄສຢູ່ໃນອາຊີບທັງສາມນີ້.
Sage Parāśara (teaching Maitreya)
This verse defines vārttā as the economic discipline that sustains society through three practical livelihoods—farming, commerce, and livestock-rearing—showing how material support is integrated into dharma.
He lists them explicitly—kṛṣi (cultivation), vaṇijyā (trade), and paśupālana (cattle-rearing)—and then states they are collectively one vidyā, a unified science of livelihood.
Though Vishnu is not named here, the teaching frames worldly occupations as part of a divinely ordered dharmic system—an expression of cosmic sovereignty where society’s material maintenance supports spiritual and moral order.