Shloka 45

सामान्यतो नरकगतिवर्णनम्

General Description of the Course of Hell / Naraka-gati

Devanagari script

वदनांतः प्रविन्यस्तां सुप्रतप्तामयोगदाम् । ते खादन्ति पराधीनास्तैस्ताड्यंते समुद्गरैः

Transliteration

vadanāṃtaḥ pravinyastāṃ suprataptāmayogadām | te khādanti parādhīnāstaistāḍyaṃte samudgaraiḥ

Translation

ປາກຂອງພວກເຂົາຖືກບັງຄັບໃຫ້ເປີດ ແລະ ເຫຼັກທີ່ຮ້ອນຫຼາຍຖືກໃສ່ເຂົ້າໄປໃນນັ້ນ. ພວກເຂົາບໍ່ມີທີ່ເພິ່ງ ແລະ ຢູ່ພາຍໃຕ້ການຄວບຄຸມຂອງຜູ້ນື່ນ, ຖືກບັງຄັບໃຫ້ກັດມັນ ແລະ ຖືກຕີດ້ວຍຄ້ອນໃຫຍ່.

Word by Word

• वदन-अन्तः: inside the mouth
• वदन-अन्तः: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वदन (प्रातिपदिक) + अन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास; अव्ययवत् प्रयोगः; अर्थे ‘अन्तः/मध्ये’ (locative sense)

• प्र-विन्यस्ताम्: placed/inserted
• प्र-विन्यस्ताम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नि√अस् (धातु) (वि-न्यस्) + प्र (उपसर्ग)
• Form: कृदन्त-भूतकर्मणि क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगे विशेषणम्

• सु-प्र-तप्ताम्: well-heated, very hot
• सु-प्र-तप्ताम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तप् (धातु) + क्त (प्रत्यय) with उपसर्गौ सु-, प्र-
• Form: कृदन्त-भूतकर्मणि क्त; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘अत्यन्तं तप्ता’ इति

• अयः-गदाम्: an iron mace/club
• अयः-गदाम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अयस् (प्रातिपदिक) + गदा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (अयसो गदा); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• ते: they
• ते: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• खादन्ति: eat/chew
• खादन्ति: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: खाद् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present); परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• पर-अधीनाः: dependent on others
• पर-अधीनाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक) + अधीन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषः (परस्य अधीनः); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; कर्तृविशेषणम्

• तैः: by them
• तैः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन; ‘by them/with them’

• ताड्यन्ते: are struck/beaten
• ताड्यन्ते: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ताड् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार; आत्मनेपद; प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगः (passive)

• समुद्गरैः: with hammers/mallets
• समुद्गरैः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: समुद्गर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

Speaker

Suta Goswami

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Mahākāla

Jyotirlinga Context

Jyotirlinga: Mahākāleśvara

Sthala Purana: Mahākāla as the Lord of Time grants protection from untimely death and ripens karma; the Jyotirliṅga tradition centers on Śiva manifesting as Mahākāla to safeguard devotees and establish dharma (general Mahākāleśvara sthala-purāṇa motif).

Significance: Seeking release from fear of death/time, relief from heavy karma, and steadiness in Śiva-bhakti; famed for early-morning worship traditions.

Mantra Metadata

Type: mahamrityunjaya

Shakti Dimension

Shakti Form: Kālī

Role: destructive

Characters & Entities

• Shiva

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in the Shiva Purana?

It vividly portrays the suffering that follows actions done in ignorance and bondage (pāśa). From a Shaiva Siddhanta lens, it warns that the soul (paśu) bound by karma must face its results until it turns toward Pati (Shiva) for purification and release.

How does this verse relate to the worship of the Linga or Saguna Shiva?

Such descriptions function as a deterrent and a call to refuge: worship of Saguna Shiva through the Linga is presented across the Purana as a compassionate means to cleanse karma, cultivate dharma, and move the bound soul toward Shiva’s grace.

What ritualistic or meditative practice is suggested here?

The implied takeaway is repentance and corrective practice: steady japa of the Panchakshara (Om Namaḥ Śivāya), along with Shaiva disciplines like Tripuṇḍra (bhasma) and devotion at the Linga, to reduce karmic bondage and purify conduct.