Rig Veda 8.93.1: Mandala 8, Sukta 93, Mantra 1

Sukta 8.93

Devata: Sūrya (with strong Indraic epithets in the praise)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

उद्घेदभि श्रुतामघं वृषभं नर्यापसम् । अस्तारमेषि सूर्य ॥

Transliteration

úd ghed abhí śrutā́maghaṃ vṛṣabháṃ naryā́pasam | ástāram eṣi sūrya ||

Translation

Rise up, O Sun, towards the famed-bounteous Bull, the doer of manly works; you go to the one who makes a crossing—toward the overcomer who carries beyond.

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Word by Word

• उद्: up, forth
• उद्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उद् (upasarga)

• घेद्: indeed, just
• घेद्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: घेद् (nipāta)

• अभि: towards, upon
• अभि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि (upasarga)

• श्रुताम्: heard; hearken-to (a heard/accepted [prayer])
• श्रुताम्: Karma (object, with implied noun e.g. गिरम्/वाचम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रु (dhātu) → श्रुत (PPP)

• अघम्: evil, sin, harm
• अघम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अघ (prātipadika)

• वृषभम्: bull; mighty one
• वृषभम्: Karma (apposition to the praised deity)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषभ (prātipadika)

• नर्यापसम्: having manly work; of heroic deeds
• नर्यापसम्: Karma (qualifier of the same accusative referent)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नर्य (adj. from नर) + आपस् (prātipadika) → आपसम्

• अस्तारम्: crosser-over; deliverer
• अस्तारम्: Karma (apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्तॄ/स्तृ (dhātu) → स्तार (agent noun) with preverb आ-

• एषि: you seek/strive; you approach
• एषि: Kriyā (finite verb); Kartā = ‘thou’ (addressed deity)
• Type: Verb
• Root: इष्/एष् (dhātu) (Vedic: ‘to seek/strive/impel’; also used as finite form ‘thou goest/approachest’ in some contexts)

• सूर्य: O Sūrya (Sun)
• सूर्य: Sambodhana (address)
• Type: Noun (vocative) / Proper name
• Root: सूर्य (prātipadika)