Rig Veda 5.44.3 — Mandala 5, Sukta 44, Mantra 3

Sukta 5.44

Devata: Agni

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अत्यं हविः सचते सच्च धातु चारिष्टगातुः स होता सहोभरिः । प्रसर्स्राणो अनु बर्हिर्वृषा शिशुर्मध्ये युवाजरो विस्रुहा हितः ॥

Transliteration

átyaṃ havíḥ sacate sác ca dhā́tu cā́riṣṭagātuḥ sá hótā sahobháriḥ | prá-sarsrāṇó ánu barhír vṛ́ṣā śíśur mádhye yúvājáró vi-srúhā hitáḥ ||

Translation

The steed of the offering joins the true foundation; moving by uninjured paths, he is the Hotar, the bearer of force. Rushing along the sacred grass, the Bull—child in the midst, ever-young and ageless—he is set there, streaming out in many currents.

Word by Word

• अत्यं: the steed / the swift one
• अत्यं: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अत्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘अत्य’ = अश्व-विशेष/अत्यः) अथवा ‘अत्य’ (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)

• हविः: the oblation
• हविः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: हविस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सचते: accompanies / attaches itself
• सचते: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सच् (सचते) ‘to accompany, to cleave to’

• सत्: the true / the real
• सत्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत् (कृदन्त; √अस् → सत् ‘being, true’)

• च: and
• च: (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• धातु: the foundation / established place
• धातु: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धातु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘स्थापन/आधार/निधान’)

• चारिष्टगातुः: having the best paths / of excellent course
• चारिष्टगातुः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चारिष्ट-गातु (समास; चारिष्ट ‘well-going/most excellent-going’ + गातु ‘path/going’)

• सः: he
• सः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• होता: the Hotṛ-priest / invoker
• होता: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: होतृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• सहोभरिः: bearing/bringing strength
• सहोभरिः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सहो-भरि (समास; सहस् ‘might’ + भरि ‘bearing/bringing’)

• प्रसर्स्राणः: streaming forth / rushing onward
• प्रसर्स्राणः: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: √सृ (सर्पणे) + प्र-; कृदन्त: सर्स्राण (परिपूर्ण/तीव्र-गमनार्थ), प्रथमा

• अनु: along / after
• अनु: (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु

• बर्हिः: the sacred grass (barhis)
• बर्हिः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: बर्हिस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृषा: the bull (vigorous one)
• वृषा: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• शिशुः: the child
• शिशुः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिशु (प्रातिपदिक)

• मध्ये: in the midst
• मध्ये: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: मध्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• युवा: the young man
• युवा: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: युवन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अजरः: unaging
• अजरः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-जर (प्रातिपदिक; नञ्-समास)

• विस्रुहा: widely streaming / spreading
• विस्रुहा: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-स्रुह (प्रातिपदिक/विशेषण; ‘having loosened/streaming’—वेदिक रूप)

• हितः: set/placed (there)
• हितः: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: √धा (धारणे) → हित (कृदन्त; ‘placed, set’)