Rig Veda 4.16.5: Mandala 4, Sukta 16, Mantra 5

Sukta 4.16

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

ववक्ष इन्द्रो अमितमृजीष्युभे आ पप्रौ रोदसी महित्वा । अतश्चिदस्य महिमा वि रेच्यभि यो विश्वा भुवना बभूव ॥

Transliteration

vavakṣa índro ámitam ṛjīṣy ùbhé ā́ paprau ródasī mahi-tvā́ | átaś cid asya mahimā́ ví recy abhí yó víśvā bhúvanā babhū́va ||

Translation

Indra has grown to an immeasurable greatness; by his vastness he has filled both Heaven and Earth. Even beyond that his might expands, he who has become encompassing over all the worlds of becoming.

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Word by Word

• ववक्ष: has grown strong / has waxed
• ववक्ष: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वह् (वहति) / वैदिक √वक्ष् (वक्षति) ‘to grow/strengthen’

• इन्द्रः: Indra
• इन्द्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अमितम्: immeasurably / immeasured
• अमितम्: Karma (as measure/extent) / Viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अमित (a-mita) (प्रातिपदिक) < √मा ‘to measure’

• ऋजीष्युभे: the r̥jīṣa-bearing (Indra)
• ऋजीष्युभे: Kartā (as epithet of Indra)
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: ऋजीष्युभ् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘having/using r̥jīṣa (barley-stalks), r̥jīṣin-like’

• उभे: both
• उभे: Karma
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: उभ (प्रातिपदिक)

• आ: towards, unto
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• पप्रौ: filled / pervaded
• पप्रौ: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पॄ/पॢ (पृणाति/पिपर्ति) ‘to fill, to pervade’

• रोदसी: the two worlds (heaven and earth)
• रोदसी: Karma
• Type: Noun (dual)
• Root: रोदसी (द्विवचन-प्रातिपदिक) ‘heaven-and-earth’

• महित्वा: by (his) greatness
• महित्वा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun (abstract)
• Root: महित्व (प्रातिपदिक) < महत्

• अतः: from this / therefore
• अतः: Apādāna (source) / Hetu
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अतः (अव्यय) < अ (pronoun base) + तस्

• चित्: even
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (निपात)

• अस्य: of him / his
• अस्य: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्/अ (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• महिमा: greatness, majesty
• महिमा: Kartā (of ‘is spread out’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महिमन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• वि: apart, widely
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग)

• रेचि: spread out / extended
• रेचि: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रिच् (रिणक्ति/रेचयति) ‘to empty, to leave; to extend/spread’

• अभि: towards, over
• अभि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā (of ‘became’)
• Type: Pronoun (relative)
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• विश्वा: all
• विश्वा: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• भुवना: beings / worlds
• भुवना: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भुवन (प्रातिपदिक)

• बभूव: became / came to be
• बभूव: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (भवति)