Rig Veda 10.63.4: Mandala 10, Sukta 63, Mantra 4

Sukta 10.63

Rishi: Likely a later mandala 10 family hymn; specific rishi attribution varies by Anukramaṇī for RV 10.63

Devata: Viśve Devāḥ / Ādityas in the background; luminous gods as a collective

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; needs metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

नृचक्षसो अनिमिषन्तो अर्हणा बृहद्देवासो अमृतत्वमानशुः । ज्योतीरथा अहिमाया अनागसो दिवो वर्ष्माणं वसते स्वस्तये ॥

Transliteration

nṛcákṣaso ánimīṣanto arháṇā bṛhád devā́so amṛtatvám ānaśuḥ | jyótīrathā́ áhimāyā anā́gaso divó varṣmā́ṇaṃ vasate svastáye ||

Translation

The gods with the seeing of the soul, unblinking, worthy of adoration, have attained immortality in the Vast. Riding on chariots of light, free from the serpent’s illusion, without fault, they clothe themselves in the high expanse of Heaven for our well-being.

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Word by Word

• नृचक्षसः: having men as witnesses / man-seeing (i.e., all-seeing among men)
• नृचक्षसः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नृ-चक्षस् (प्रातिपदिक; नृ ‘मनुष्य’ + चक्षस् ‘दृष्टि/नेत्र’)

• अनिमिषन्तः: not blinking; unclosing (their eyes)
• अनिमिषन्तः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (participial)
• Root: नि√मिष् (धातु) with privative अ-; वर्तमान कृदन्त (शतृ) ‘अनिमिषन्त्’

• अर्हणाः: worthy; deserving of worship
• अर्हणाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अर्हण (प्रातिपदिक; ‘पूज्य/अर्ह’ भाव) अथवा अर्ह्-सम्बद्ध विशेषण

• बृहद्देवासः: the great gods
• बृहद्देवासः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (with adjective)
• Root: बृहद् (विशेषण) + देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• अमृतत्वम्: immortality
• अमृतत्वम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमृतत्व (प्रातिपदिक; अमृत + त्व)

• आनशुः: they attained / have reached
• आनशुः: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ√नश् (धातु ‘प्राप्/अश्नुते’)

• ज्योतीरथाः: having light as their chariots; light-charioted
• ज्योतीरथाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: ज्योतिस् (प्रातिपदिक) + रथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• अहिमायाः: whose māyā is like a serpent / possessing serpent-like power
• अहिमायाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: अहि (प्रातिपदिक) + माया (प्रातिपदिक)

• अनागसः: sinless; faultless
• अनागसः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनागस् (प्रातिपदिक; अ- + आगस् ‘पाप/दोष’)

• दिवः: of heaven / of the sky
• दिवः: Adhikaraṇa (सम्बन्ध/निर्देश) अथवा षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव्/द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक ‘द्यौ/दिव्’)

• वर्ष्माणम्: the height; the lofty expanse
• वर्ष्माणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ष्मन् (प्रातिपदिक ‘ऊँचाई/विस्तार/उत्कर्ष’)

• वसते: dwells / abides
• वसते: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वस् (धातु ‘वस्/निवासे’)

• स्वस्तये: for well-being; for welfare
• स्वस्तये: Sampradāna (हितार्थ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वस्ति (प्रातिपदिक) → स्वस्ति- (अर्थ ‘कल्याण/सुख’)