Rig Veda 1.178.3 — Mandala 1, Sukta 178, Mantra 3

Sukta 1.178

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; requires metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

जेता नृभिरिन्द्रः पृत्सु शूरः श्रोता हवं नाधमानस्य कारोः । प्रभर्ता रथं दाशुष उपाक उद्यन्ता गिरो यदि च त्मना भूत् ॥

Transliteration

jétā nṛ́bhir índraḥ pṛtsú śū́raḥ śrótā hávaṃ nā́dhamānasya kāróḥ | prá-bhartā ráthaṃ dā́śuṣa upāká udyántā gíro yádi ca tmánā bhū́t ||

Translation

Indra, hero, is the victor in the battles with the men; he is the hearer of the call of the striving singer. He brings forward the chariot for the giver who is near at hand—when the utterances rise up, if he becomes so by his own self-power.

Word by Word

• जेता: the conqueror
• जेता: Kartā
• Type: Noun (agent) / Epithet
• Root: जि (धातु) → जेतृ (प्रातिपदिक) / √जि

• नृभिः: with/through men (heroes)
• नृभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्रः: Indra
• इन्द्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• पृत्सु: in battles
• पृत्सु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृत्/पृत्स् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘battle, fight’

• शूरः: the hero
• शूरः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: शूर (प्रातिपदिक)

• श्रोता: the hearer (listener)
• श्रोता: Kartā
• Type: Noun (agent) / Epithet
• Root: √श्रु (धातु) → श्रोतृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• हवम्: the invocation
• हवम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: हव (प्रातिपदिक) ‘call, invocation’

• नाधमानस्य: of the imploring (suppliant)
• नाधमानस्य: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Adjective/Participle (genitive dependent)
• Root: नाधमान (प्रातिपदिक; pres. participial stem from √नाध/√नन्ध? in RV sense ‘to cry/implore, be in need’)

• कारोः: of the poet/singer
• कारोः: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कारु (प्रातिपदिक) ‘singer, poet’

• प्रभर्ता: the one who brings forth/sets in motion
• प्रभर्ता: Kartā
• Type: Noun (agent) / Epithet
• Root: प्र-√भृ (धातु) → प्रभर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक) ‘bearer/leader forth’

• रथम्: the chariot
• रथम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• दाशुषः: of the giver/worshipper
• दाशुषः: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (donor, worshipper)
• Root: दाशुष् (प्रातिपदिक; from √दाश्/√दा ‘to give, worship, offer’)

• उपाक: near, close at hand
• उपाक: Kartā (if adjectival to subject) / (otherwise modifier)
• Type: Adjective/Indeclinable-like (RV usage)
• Root: उपाक (प्रातिपदिक; RV adj. ‘near, at hand’; also used adverbially)

• उद्यन्ता: the raiser (who lifts up)
• उद्यन्ता: Kartā
• Type: Noun (agent) / Epithet
• Root: उद्-√यम् (धातु) → उद्यन्तृ/उद्यन्त (प्रातिपदिक) ‘raiser, one who lifts up’

• गिरः: songs/hymns
• गिरः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गिर् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘song, hymn, voice’

• यदि: if/when
• यदि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि (अव्यय)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)

• त्मना: by oneself; with one’s own power
• त्मना: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun (instrumental of manner/agency)
• Root: त्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘self, person’

• भूत्: became; came to be
• भूत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (धातु)