Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 4, Shloka 25

लङ्काप्रवेशः

Hanuman’s Stealth Entry and Survey of Lanka

Devanagari script

स तदा तद्गृहं दृष्ट्वा महाहाटकतोरणम्।राक्षसेन्द्रस्य विख्यातमद्रिमूर्ध्नि प्रतिष्ठितम्।।5.4.24।।पुण्डरीकावतंसाभिः परिखाभिरलङ्कृतम्।प्राकारावृतमत्यन्तं ददर्श स महाकपिः।।5.4.25।।

Transliteration

puṇḍarīkāvataṃsābhiḥ parikhābhir alaṅkṛtam |

prākārāvṛtam atyantaṃ dadarśa sa mahākapiḥ ||

Translation

ມະຫາກະປິໄດ້ເຫັນວ່າ ມັນຖືກປະດັບດ້ວຍຄູນ້ຳດຸດດັ່ງຕຸ້ມຫູດອກບົວຂາວ ແລະຖືກລ້ອມຮອບຢ່າງແນ່ນໜາດ້ວຍກຳແພງແລະປ້ອມປະການປົກປ້ອງ

Word by Word

• त्रिविष्टपनिभम्: resembling heaven
• त्रिविष्टपनिभम्: Karma (कर्म/object qualifier of 'gup tam/antaḥpuram' context)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रिविष्टप + निभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास ('like heaven'); नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• दिव्यम्: divine, splendid
• दिव्यम्: Karma (कर्म/object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दिव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• दिव्यनादनिनादितम्: resounding with divine sounds
• दिव्यनादनिनादितम्: Karma (कर्म/object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दिव्य + नाद + निनादित (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास; निनादित = नि + नद् (धातु) → क्त; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'resounded with divine sounds'

• वाजिहेषितसङ्घुष्टम्: echoing with horses' neighing
• वाजिहेषितसङ्घुष्टम्: Karma (कर्म/object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वाजि + हेṣित + सङ्घुष्ट (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास; सङ्घुष्ट = सम् + घुष् (धातु) → क्त; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'filled with the sound of horses' neighing'

• नादितम्: sounded, resonant
• नादितम्: Karma (कर्म/object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नद् (धातु) → नादित (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: कृदन्त (Past passive participle, क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• भूषणैः: with ornaments
• भूषणैः: Karaṇa (करण/means: 'with ornaments')
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूषण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), तृतीया (Instrumental/3rd), बहुवचन (Plural)

• तथा: also, likewise
• तथा: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय/तुल्यतावाचक (also, likewise)

• रथैः: with chariots
• रथैः: Karaṇa (करण/with chariots)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), तृतीया (Instrumental/3rd), बहुवचन (Plural)

• यानैः: with vehicles
• यानैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• विमानैः: with aerial cars
• विमानैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विमान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय

• तथा: also
• तथा: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय

• हयगजैः: with horses and elephants
• हयगजैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हय + गज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्व-समास (horses and elephants); पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), तृतीया (Instrumental/3rd), बहुवचन (Plural)

• शुभैः: auspicious, splendid
• शुभैः: Karaṇa (करण/qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; qualifying hayagajaiḥ

• वारणैः: with elephants
• वारणैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वारण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय

• चतुर्थन्तैः: four-tusked
• चतुर्थन्तैः: Karaṇa (करण/qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर् + दन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास ('four-tusked'); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; qualifying vāraṇaiḥ

• श्वेताभ्रनिचयोपमैः: like heaps of white clouds
• श्वेताभ्रनिचयोपमैः: Karaṇa (करण/qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्वेत + अभ्र + निचय + उपम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास ('like a heap of white clouds'); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; qualifying vāraṇaiḥ

• भूषितम्: adorned
• भूषितम्: Karma (कर्म/object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भूष् (धातु) → भूषित (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: कृदन्त (Past passive participle, क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• रुचिरद्वारम्: beautiful doorway/entrance
• रुचिरद्वारम्: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुचिर + द्वार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास ('beautiful entrance'); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• मत्तैः: intoxicated
• मत्तैः: Karaṇa (करण/qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मत्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; qualifying mṛgapakṣibhiḥ

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय

• मृगपक्षिभिः: with beasts and birds
• मृगपक्षिभिः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मृग + पक्षिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्व-समास (beasts and birds); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• रक्षितम्: guarded
• रक्षितम्: Karma (कर्म/object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रक्ष् (धातु) → रक्षित (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: कृदन्त (Past passive participle, क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• सुमहावीर्यैः: of very great valor
• सुमहावीर्यैः: Karaṇa (करण/agent-instrument)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु + महा + वीर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; qualifying yātudhānaiḥ

• यातुधानैः: by demons
• यातुधानैः: Kartṛ-karaṇa (कर्ता-करण/agent: 'by demons')
• Type: Noun
• Root: यातुधान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• सहस्रशः: in thousands
• सहस्रशः: Saṅkhyā-viśeṣaṇa (संख्या-विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सहस्रशः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, संख्यावाचक-प्रकार (distributive: 'by thousands/in thousands')

• राक्षसाधिपतेः: of the lord of demons
• राक्षसाधिपतेः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी/possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राक्षस + अधिपति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास ('lord of rākṣasas'); पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), एकवचन

• गुप्तम्: well-guarded
• गुप्तम्: Karma (कर्म/object qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गुप् (धातु) → गुप्त (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: कृदन्त (Past passive participle, क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'protected/secured'

• आविवेश: entered
• आविवेश: Kriyā (क्रिया/predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + विश् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect/लिट्), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; (reduplicated perfect)

• महाकपिः: the great monkey
• महाकपिः: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महा + कपि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Context

The great monkey observed the huge archway of the demon king's palace made of gold situated on top of the mountain as if scraping the sky, circled by moats full of white lotuses appearing as though the moats were decorated with earornaments. The whole city was encircled by a boundary wall.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Laṅkā
• parikhā (moat)
• prākāra (rampart/wall)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma teaches that beauty and fortification do not guarantee moral legitimacy; the epic repeatedly contrasts aesthetic splendor with the necessity of satya (truth) and righteous restraint.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanumān assesses the palace defenses—moats and walls—information crucial for navigating safely while searching for Sītā.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Methodical intelligence-gathering—he studies defenses before choosing action, aligning power with disciplined purpose.