Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 51, Shloka 19

अयोध्याकाण्डे एकपञ्चाशः सर्गः — Guha’s Vigil and Lakṣmaṇa’s Lament

Night on the riverbank

Devanagari script

अतिक्रान्तमतिक्रान्तमनवाप्य मनोरथम्।राज्ये राममनिक्षिप्य पिता मे विनशिष्यति।।।।

Transliteration

atikrāntam atikrāntam anavāpya manoratham | rājye rāmam anikṣipya pitā me vinaśiṣyati ||

Translation

ສິ່ງທີ່ຜ່ານໄປແລ້ວກໍໃຫ້ຜ່ານໄປ; ແຕ່ຖ້າຍັງບໍ່ໄດ້ສຳເລັດພະປະສົງ—ບໍ່ໄດ້ສະຖາປະນາພະຣາມາໃຫ້ຄອງຣາຊະອານາຈັກ—ພໍ່ຂອງຂ້າພະເຈົ້າຈະພິນາດໄປ.

Word by Word

• अतिक्रान्तम्: gone/past
• अतिक्रान्तम्: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ati-kram (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग); (used adverbially)

• अतिक्रान्तम्: past indeed
• अतिक्रान्तम्: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ati-kram (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग); पुनरुक्ति (repetition for emphasis)

• अनवाप्य: without attaining
• अनवाप्य: पूर्वकाल (Gerundial circumstance)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: anu-ava-āp (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययप्रयोग; 'without obtaining'

• मनोरथम्: wish/desire
• मनोरथम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनोरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• राज्ये: in the kingdom
• राज्ये: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राज्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• रामम्: Rama
• रामम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• अनिक्षिप्य: without installing
• अनिक्षिप्य: पूर्वकाल (Gerundial circumstance)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: a-ni-kṣip (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययप्रयोग; 'without installing/placing'

• पिता: father
• पिता: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• मे: my
• मे: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• विनशिष्यति: will perish
• विनशिष्यति: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-naś (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), परस्मैपद, 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

Context

O dear prince! this comfortable bed has been arranged for you. Rest happily on this bed.

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• Rāma
• Ayodhyā (kingdom implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Irreversibility of time and consequence: dharmic decisions must be timely, or regret becomes a form of suffering with real harm.

What is the narrative situation?

The speaker laments that Daśaratha’s cherished plan of Rāma’s coronation will remain unfulfilled.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Detachment mixed with duty—accepting what cannot be undone while acknowledging responsibility.