Shloka 54

Adhyaya 74 — King Svarashtra, the Deer-Queen’s Curse, and the Rise of Tamasa Manu

Sanskrit

पितापि तस्य स्वान् लोकांस्तपोयज्ञसमार्जितान् ।

विसृष्टदेहः संप्राप्तो दृष्ट्वा पुत्रमुखं सुखम् ॥

Transliteration

pitāpi tasya svān lokāṃstapoyajñasamārjitān / visṛṣṭadehaḥ saṃprāpto dṛṣṭvā putramukhaṃ sukham

Translation

ແລະພໍ່ຂອງລາວກໍໄດ້ເຖິງໂລກຂອງຕົນ—ທີ່ໄດ້ມາດ້ວຍຕະປະສະຍາ ແລະການບູຊາຍັດ—ໂດຍສະລະຮ່າງກາຍ ດ້ວຍຄວາມປິຕິຫຼັງຈາກໄດ້ເຫັນໜ້າລູກຊາຍ.

Word by Word

• पिता: the father
• पिता: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• अपि: also
• अपि: Avyaya (अव्यय/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; ‘also/even’ (particle)

• तस्य: of him
• तस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

• स्वान्: his own
• स्वान्: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; agrees with लोकान्

• लोकान्: worlds/realms
• लोकान्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन

• तपः-यज्ञ-समार्जितान्: earned through austerities and sacrifices
• तपः-यज्ञ-समार्जितान्: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तपस् (प्रातिपदिक) + यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक) + समार्जित (सम्-आ-र्ज् धातु + क्त)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; qualifies लोकान्; ‘acquired by austerity and sacrifice’

• विसृष्ट-देहः: having abandoned the body (dead)
• विसृष्ट-देहः: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier of पिता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-√सृज् (धातु) + क्त (विसृष्ट) + देह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; ‘one whose body has been cast off’

• सम्प्राप्तः: attained / reached
• सम्प्राप्तः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-प्र-आप् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकालिक-कृदन्त (past active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘having reached/attained’

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल/Having done)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु) + त्वा (क्त्वा)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund)

• पुत्र-मुखम्: the son's face
• पुत्र-मुखम्: Karma (कर्म/Object of seeing)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक) + मुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• सुखम्: happiness / joy
• सुखम्: Bhava (भाव/Resultant state)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; adverbial accusative ‘with happiness/joyfully’ also possible

Speakers

• Markandeya narrating

Key Themes

• Pitṛ-related closure
• Merit through tapas and yajña
• Peaceful death (good passing)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Merit (puṇya) from tapas and yajña is affirmed, alongside the ideal of completing worldly responsibilities (seeing the heir established) before departing peacefully.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Vaṃśa and Manvantara linkage: the father’s meritorious departure clears the narrative stage for the successor’s universal conquest and Manu-status.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Casting off the body’ after witnessing continuity symbolizes the transfer of dharmic ‘flame’—the lineage as a vehicle for cosmic order beyond individual mortality.