Shloka 49

Adhyaya 74 — King Svarashtra, the Deer-Queen’s Curse, and the Rise of Tamasa Manu

Sanskrit

ततः स तामसस्तेन पित्रा संवर्धितो वने ।

जातबुद्धिरुवाचेदं पितरं मुनिसत्तम ॥

Transliteration

tataḥ sa tāmasas tena pitrā saṃvardhito vane / jāta-buddhir uvācedaṃ pitaraṃ muni-sattama

Translation

ຕໍ່ມາ ຕາມາສະ (Tāmasa) ນັ້ນ ຖືກພໍ່ລ້ຽງດູໃນປ່າ; ເມື່ອປັນຍາຂອງລາວຕື່ນຂຶ້ນ ລາວໄດ້ກ່າວຖ້ອຍຄໍາເຫຼົ່ານີ້ແກ່ພໍ່ຂອງລາວ, ໂອ ຜູ້ປະເສີດໃນບັນດານັກບວດ.

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kāla/Anubandha (काल/अनुबन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रमबोधक (then)

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• tāmasaḥ: Tāmasa (the one named/characterized as tamasic)
• tāmasaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tāmasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नामरूपेण (as a proper name/epithet)

• tena: by him, by that (one)
• tena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• pitrā: by the father
• pitrā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• saṃvardhitaḥ: brought up, nurtured
• saṃvardhitaḥ: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa / Predicative (विशेषण/विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saṃ-√vṛdh (धातु) + saṃvardhita (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकृदन्त (PPP); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगे कर्तृकरणाभ्यां 'tena pitrā' (instrumental agent)

• vane: in the forest
• vane: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

• jāta-buddhiḥ: having attained understanding
• jāta-buddhiḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jāta (कृदन्त; √jan) + buddhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि-समास: 'jātā buddhiḥ yasya saḥ' (one whose understanding has arisen); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् to 'saḥ/tāmasaḥ'

• uvāca: said
• uvāca: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vac (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• idam: this
• idam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; वाक्यकर्म (object: 'this [speech]')

• pitaram: to the father / the father (as object addressed)
• pitaram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• muni-sattama: O best of sages
• muni-sattama: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: muni (प्रातिपदिक) + sattama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास: 'munīnām sattamaḥ'; सम्बोधन-प्रथमा (Vocative), एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya narrating; next speech is by Tāmasa to his father

Key Themes

• Forest upbringing (vana-vāsa motif)
• Education and awakening of intellect
• Father-son transmission

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Inner maturity (jāta-buddhi) is presented as the prerequisite for meaningful counsel and action; the forest setting underscores simplicity and discipline as formative influences.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Vamśānucarita: it continues the life-story development of a lineage figure whose role connects to Manvantara ordering.

What is the esoteric significance?

The forest represents withdrawal from worldly noise; ‘awakening of intellect’ indicates the surfacing of dharmic discernment, preparing the figure for governance/order-making functions.