Shloka 18

Adhyaya 55 — Description of Jambudvipa: The Four Forests, Lakes, and Mountain Ranges Around Mount Meru; Bharata as the Karma-Bhumi

Sanskrit

विद्याधराणां यक्षाणां किन्नरोगररक्षसाम् ।

देवानाञ्च महावासा गन्धर्वाणां च शोभनाः ॥

Transliteration

vidyādharāṇāṃ yakṣāṇāṃ kinnaroraga-rakṣasām | devānāṃ ca mahāvāsā gandharvāṇāṃ ca śobhanāḥ ||

Translation

ພວກມັນເປັນຖິ່ນພຳນັກອັນຍິ່ງໃຫຍ່ຂອງວິທະຍາທອນ (Vidyādhara), ຍັກສະ (Yakṣa), ກິນນະຣະ (Kinnara), ນາກາ (Nāga) ຜູ້ເປັນສັດງູ, ແລະ ຣາກສະສະ (Rākṣasa); ແລະຍັງເປັນທີ່ຢູ່ອັນສະຫງ່າງາມຂອງເທວະດາ ແລະ ຄັນທັຣວະ (Gandharva) ດ້ວຍ.

Word by Word

• vidyā-dharāṇām: of the Vidyādharas
• vidyā-dharāṇām: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vidyā (प्रातिपदिक) + dhara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa compound (उपपद-तत्पुरुष: 'vidyāṃ dharati'), Masculine, Genitive (षष्ठी 6), Plural

• yakṣāṇām: of the Yakṣas
• yakṣāṇām: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yakṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (षष्ठी 6), Plural

• kinnara-oraga-rakṣasām: of the Kinnaras, serpents, and Rakṣasas
• kinnara-oraga-rakṣasām: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kinnara (प्रातिपदिक) + oraga (प्रातिपदिक) + rakṣas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Dvandva compound (इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व), Masculine, Genitive (षष्ठी 6), Plural

• devānām: of the gods
• devānām: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (षष्ठी 6), Plural

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, conjunction (समुच्चय)

• mahā-vāsāḥ: great abodes
• mahā-vāsāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + vāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya compound ('great dwellings/abodes'), Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा 1), Plural

• gandharvāṇām: of the Gandharvas
• gandharvāṇām: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gandharva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (षष्ठी 6), Plural

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, conjunction

• śobhanāḥ: beautiful, splendid
• śobhanāḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śobhana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adjective, Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा 1), Plural; qualifies 'mahā-vāsāḥ'

Speakers

• Narrative voice within the Purāṇic discourse (speaker not specified in provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Devas (collective)

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Mythic beings
• Sacred Geography

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Purāṇic cosmology integrates multiple classes of beings into a single moral universe, implying gradations of embodiment and experience tied to past action and innate disposition.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Sthāna: cataloguing inhabitants of specific regions; secondarily supports Vaṃśānucarita-style mythic ethnography (classes of beings).

What is the esoteric significance?

These ‘species’ can be read as archetypes: knowledge-power (Vidyādhara), wealth/guardianship (Yakṣa), aesthetic ecstasy (Gandharva), instinctual depth (Nāga), and fierce drive (Rākṣasa).