Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 51, Shloka 49

Adhyaya 51 — Yaksha Injunctions: Graha-Children and Female Spirits Causing Domestic and Ritual Disruptions

Sanskrit

एतेषान्तु कुमाराणां कन्यानां द्विजसत्तम । अष्टत्रिंशदपत्यानि तेषां नामानि मे शृणु ॥

Transliteration

eteṣāṃ tu kumārāṇāṃ kanyānāṃ dvijasattama | aṣṭatriṃśad apatyāni teṣāṃ nāmāni me śṛṇu ||

Translation

ໂອ ຜູ້ເກີດສອງຄັ້ງຜູ້ປະເສີດ, ນາງກັນຍາເຫຼົ່ານີ້ມີ “ລູກຫຼານ” 38 ປະການ (ຮູບແບບສືບເນື່ອງ/ຜົນຕໍ່ເນື່ອງ). ຈົ່ງຟັງຊື່ຂອງພວກນາງຈາກຂ້ອຍ.

Word by Word

• eteṣām: of these
• eteṣām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (एतद्-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃ/Napुंसक, Ṣaṣṭhī vibhakti (6th/षष्ठी), Bahuvacana; demonstrative pronoun

• tu: indeed/and
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; particle (तु)

• kumārāṇām: of the youths/sons
• kumārāṇām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kumāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Bahuvacana

• kanyānām: of the maidens
• kanyānām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kanyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Bahuvacana

• dvija-sattama: O best of the twice-born
• dvija-sattama: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvija (प्रातिपदिक) + sattama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Sambodhana (Vocative/सम्बोधन), Ekavacana; karmadhāraya: dvijaḥ sa sattamaḥ (best of the twice-born)

• aṣṭa-triṃśat-apatyāni: thirty-eight offspring
• aṣṭa-triṃśat-apatyāni: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aṣṭa (संख्या) + triṃśat (संख्या) + apatya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; dvigu: aṣṭātriṃśat-saṅkhyāni apatyāni (thirty-eight offspring)

• teṣām: of them
• teṣām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (तद्-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃ/Napुंसक, Ṣaṣṭhī, Bahuvacana

• nāmāni: names
• nāmāni: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nāman (नामन्-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana; here Karma of śṛṇu

• me: to me/from me
• me: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (अस्मद्-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ṣaṣṭhī/Dative enclitic, Ekavacana; here dative ‘from me’/‘of me’ in sense ‘listen to me’

• śṛṇu: hear/listen
• śṛṇu: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: śru (श्रु धातु)
• Form: Loṭ lakāra (लोट्/Imperative), Madhyama-puruṣa (2nd), Ekavacana; parasmaipada

Speakers

• Instructional narrator addressing a dvija; exact identity not in excerpt

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Taxonomy/listing (nāma-grahaṇa)
• Omen/affliction literature

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

By classifying disturbances and naming them, the tradition frames suffering as intelligible and addressable through knowledge (jñāna) and right procedure (vidhi).

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

A cataloging sub-genre within Purāṇic dharma instruction; not directly part of the five defining lakṣaṇas.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Offspring’ indicates proliferations of a root tendency: one primary doṣa can generate many secondary patterns; naming is a form of containment and discernment.