Shloka 16

Adhyaya 44 — Subahu’s Counsel to the King of Kashi and Alarka’s Renunciation through Yoga

Sanskrit

सुहृदि स्वजने बन्धौ समर्थे योऽवसीदति ।

धर्मार्थकाममोक्षेभ्यो वाच्या स्ते तत्र न त्वसौ ॥

Transliteration

suhṛdi svajane bandhau samarthe yo 'vasīdati / dharmārthakāmamokṣebhyo vācyās te tatra na tv asau //

Translation

«ຜູ້ໃດທີ່ບົກພ່ອງໜ້າທີ່ຕໍ່ມິດທີ່ມີຄວາມສາມາດ, ຕໍ່ຄົນຂອງຕົນ, ຫຼືຕໍ່ຍາດພີ່ນ້ອງ—ຜູ້ນັ້ນບໍ່ຄວນໄດ້ຮັບການສອນແມ່ນແຕ່ເລື່ອງ ທໍາ (dharma), ອັດຖະ (artha), ກາມ (kāma), ແລະ ໂມກສະ (mokṣa); ຄໍາສອນນັ້ນຄວນກ່າວແກ່ຜູ້ຄວນຄ່າ ບໍ່ແມ່ນແກ່ເຂົາ»។

Word by Word

• suhṛdi: in/with a friend
• suhṛdi: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: suhṛd (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन

• svajane: in/with one's own people
• svajane: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sva-jana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः; पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन

• bandhau: in/with a kinsman
• bandhau: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bandhu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन

• samarthe: when (they are) capable/supportive
• samarthe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: samartha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying the above)

• yaḥ: who
• yaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• avasīdati: sinks/despairs
• avasīdati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ava-sad (धातु)
• Form: लकारः लट् (Present), पुरुषः प्रथम (3rd), वचनम् एकवचन, परस्मैपदम्

• dharma-artha-kāma-mokṣebhyaḥ: from dharma, artha, kāma, and mokṣa
• dharma-artha-kāma-mokṣebhyaḥ: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma + artha + kāma + mokṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासः इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः; पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), बहुवचन

• vācyāḥ: to be called/considered
• vācyāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vācya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कृदन्त (भाव्य/वाच्य—gerundive, -ya); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; विशेषणम्

• te: they
• te: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: सर्वनाम; प्रथमा (1st) बहुवचन (they)

• tatra: there/in that case
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, देशवाचक (locative adverb)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• tu: but
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (contrastive particle)

• asau: that person (he)
• asau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

Speakers

• Subāhu addressing Kāśirāja

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "vira", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Adhikāra (fitness for instruction)
• Puruṣārthas
• Social obligation

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Scriptural counsel presumes basic ethical reliability. If one violates elementary obligations to friends and kin, higher teachings on the puruṣārthas become fruitless; instruction requires adhikāra—moral preparedness.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Non-pancalakṣaṇa material: it is didactic ethics within narrative dialogue (upadeśa), not cosmology, genealogy, or manvantara chronicle.

What is the esoteric significance?

The verse implies a hierarchy of teachings: purification through right relationship precedes metaphysical instruction. ‘Mokṣa-talk’ without ethical grounding becomes mere words.