Udyoga Parva Adhyaya 34 Shloka 46 - Mahabharata | Lao | Vedapath

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Shloka 46

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 34 — Vidura’s Counsel on Deliberation, Speech-Discipline, and Dharmic Kingship

Devanagari script

अगारदाही गरद: कुण्डाशी सोमविक्रयी । पर्वकारश्न सूची च मित्रध्रुक्‌ पारदारिक:

Transliteration

agāradāhī garadaḥ kuṇḍāśī somavikrayī | parvakāraś ca sūcī ca mitradhruk pāradārikaḥ ||

Translation

ວິດູຣະກ່າວວ່າ: ຜູ້ຈູດໄຟເຜົາເຮືອນຄົນອື່ນ, ຜູ້ໃຫ້ພິດ, ຜູ້ດໍາລົງຊີວິດໂດຍກິນລາຍໄດ້ຂອງລູກທີ່ເກີດຈາກການຜິດປະເວນີ, ຜູ້ຂາຍໂຊມະ (soma), ຜູ້ຕີເຮັດອາວຸດ, ຜູ້ນໍາຂ່າວລື, ຜູ້ຫັກຫຼັງມິດ, ແລະຜູ້ໃຄ່ຫາເມຍຄົນອື່ນ—ຄົນເຫຼົ່ານີ້ຖືກນັບເປັນຜູ້ກໍ່ອາຊະຍາກໍາອັນຫນັກຫນ່ວງ.

Word by Word

अगारदाहीone who sets houses on fire (arsonist)

गरदःpoisoner (one who gives poison)

कुण्डाशीone who lives by/feeds on a bastard’s earnings (base dependent)

सोमविक्रयीseller of soma (soma-trader)

पर्वकारःweapon-maker / maker of blades (lit. maker of ‘parva’)

श्नःunclear particle/reading

सूचीinformer; tale-bearer; spy (lit. ‘pointer’)

चand

मित्रध्रुक्betrayer of a friend; friend-harmer

पारदारिकःadulterer; one who goes to others’ wives

Speaker

विदुर उवाच

Characters & Entities

Vidura

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Vidura classifies certain acts—arson, poisoning, betrayal, adultery, malicious informing, and harmful livelihoods—as severe ethical violations. The teaching stresses that society’s trust (home, friendship, marriage, and truthful speech) is foundational to dharma, and those who destroy it are to be regarded as gravely culpable.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Vidura’s counsel (nīti) within the Udyoga Parva, he enumerates categories of condemned persons as part of a broader moral instruction to the Kuru court context, warning against associating with or excusing those whose conduct undermines social and moral order.