Shloka 50

उद्योगपर्व (अध्याय १२९) — केशवस्य वैभवप्रदर्शनम् / Krishna’s Theophanic Display in the Kuru Assembly

Devanagari script

एकार्णवे च स्वपता निहतौ मधुकैटभौ । जन्मान्तरमुपागम्य हयग्रीवस्तथा हत:

Transliteration

ekārṇave ca svapatā nihatāu madhukaiṭabhau | janmāntaram upāgamya hayagrīvas tathā hataḥ ||

Translation

ວິດູຣາກ່າວວ່າ: «ໃນມະຫາສະມຸດຈັກກະວານອັນດຽວ ໃນຂະນະທີ່ພຣະອົງບັນທົມຢູ່ໃນໂຍກນິດຣາ, ມະທຸ ແລະ ໄກຕະພະ ຖືກສັງຫານ. ແລະຕໍ່ມາ ເມື່ອພຣະອົງຮັບກໍາເນີດອີກຄັ້ງ, ຫະຍະກຣີວະ ກໍຖືກສັງຫານເຊັ່ນກັນ.» ຄວາມໝາຍຄື: ແມ່ນແຕ່ຜູ້ມີພະລັງອັນຍິ່ງ ຫຼືເກີດຂຶ້ນດ້ວຍໂອກາດ ກໍຈະພົບຄວາມພິນາດເມື່ອຕໍ່ຕ້ານລະບຽບອັນສັກສິດ; ກໍາລັງທີ່ຂາດທໍາມະ ບໍ່ອາດຮັກສາໄຊຊະນະໃຫ້ຍືນຍາວ.

Word by Word

एकin one

अर्णवेocean

चand

स्वपताwhile sleeping / by (him) sleeping

निहतौwere slain

मधुMadhu (name)

कैटभौKaiṭabha (name)

जन्मbirth

अन्तरम्another (interval/one) (i.e., another birth)

उपागम्यhaving attained/entered

हयग्रीवःHayagrīva

तथाthus/likewise

हतःwas slain

Speaker

विदुर उवाच

Characters & Entities

Vidura

Madhu

Kaiṭabha

Hayagrīva

Ekārṇava (the single cosmic ocean)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Vidura uses mythic examples to show that adharma and arrogance are ultimately self-defeating: even powerful adversaries are destroyed when they stand against the sustaining order (dharma).

What is happening in the narrative?

Vidura cites two well-known demon figures—Madhu-Kaiṭabha and Hayagrīva—saying they were slain even under extraordinary circumstances, to warn that power and advantage do not protect those who act against righteousness.