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Shloka 29

Utkramaṇa-sthāna and Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇa: Yājñavalkya’s Instruction on Departure Pathways and Mortality Signs

आत्मा तो जन्म-मृत्युसे रहित, अनन्त, सबका द्रष्टा और निर्विकार है। वह सत्त्व आदि गुणोंमें केवल अभिमान करनेके कारण ही गुणस्वरूप कहलाता है ।।

ātmā tu janma-mṛtyu-rahitaḥ, anantaḥ, sarvasya draṣṭā ca nirvikāraḥ. sa sattvādi-guṇeṣu kevalam abhimāna-kāraṇād eva guṇa-svarūpa iti kathyate. guṇā guṇavataḥ santi, nirguṇasya kuto guṇāḥ. tasmād evaṃ vijānanti ye janā guṇa-darśinaḥ: yadā jīvātmā etān guṇān prakṛteḥ kāryam iti matvā teṣu ātmīyatvābhimānaṃ tyajati, tadā sa dehādiṣu ātma-buddhiṃ parityajya sva-viśuddha-paramātma-svarūpasya sākṣātkāraṃ karoti.

ວາສິດຖະ ກ່າວວ່າ: «ອາດຕະມັນພົ້ນຈາກການເກີດແລະການຕາຍ, ອະນັນຕະ, ເປັນພະຍານເຫັນທຸກຢ່າງ, ແລະບໍ່ແປປ່ຽນ. ມັນຖືກເອີ້ນວ່າ ‘ມີສະພາບເປັນຄຸນ’ ກໍແຕ່ເພາະມັນໄປຍຶດຕົນຜິດກັບ sattva ແລະຄຸນອື່ນໆ. ຄຸນຢູ່ໄດ້ກໍໃນສິ່ງທີ່ມີຄຸນເທົ່ານັ້ນ; ໃນສິ່ງທີ່ໄຮ້ຄຸນ (ນິຣຄຸນ) ຈະມີຄຸນໄດ້ແນວໃດ? ດັ່ງນັ້ນ ຜູ້ຮູ້ແຈ້ງໃນຄຸນທັງປວງ ຈຶ່ງຖືຂໍ້ສະຫຼຸບນີ້: ເມື່ອຊີວາດຕະມັນເຂົ້າໃຈວ່າຄຸນເຫຼົ່ານີ້ເປັນຜົນງານຂອງປຣະກຣິຕິ (Prakṛti) ແລະລະທິ້ງຄວາມຍຶດ ‘ຂອງຂ້ອຍ’ ຕໍ່ພວກມັນ, ເມື່ອນັ້ນມັນລະທິ້ງຄວາມເຂົ້າໃຈຜິດວ່າກາຍ ແລະອື່ນໆ ແມ່ນອາດຕະມັນ, ແລະຮູ້ແຈ້ງອົງຕົນອັນບໍລິສຸດຂອງຕົນ ເປັນປຣະມາດຕະມັນ.»

गुणाःqualities
गुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गुणवतःof the possessor of qualities
गुणवतः:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootगुणवत्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
सन्तिare
सन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
निर्गुणस्यof the quality-less (one)
निर्गुणस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्गुण
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
कुतःwhence? how (could there be)?
कुतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकुतः
गुणाःqualities
गुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तस्मात्therefore
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात्
एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
विजानन्तिunderstand, know
विजानन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-ज्ञा
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
येwho
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जनाःpeople
जनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गुणदर्शिनःknowers/observers of the guṇas
गुणदर्शिनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगुणदर्शिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha
Ā
Ātman
J
Jīvātman
P
Paramātman
P
Prakṛti
G
Guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas)

Educational Q&A

The Self is intrinsically nirguṇa (beyond qualities) and changeless; guṇas pertain to Prakṛti. Bondage arises from abhimāna—mistaken identification with sattva, rajas, tamas and with body-mind. Liberation comes by discerning the guṇas as Prakṛti’s effects, dropping possessiveness and ‘I’-notions toward them, and realizing one’s pure identity as Paramātman.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on peace and liberation, Vasiṣṭha delivers a philosophical clarification: he distinguishes the witness Self from the guṇas of nature and explains how right discernment and renunciation of identification lead the embodied being from body-centered self-notion to direct realization of the Supreme Self.