Shloka 7
Adhyātma–Adhibhūta–Adhidaivata Correspondences and the Triguṇa Lakṣaṇas (Śānti-parva 301)
पितृणां विषयान ज्ञात्वा तिर्यक्षु चरतां नूप । सुपर्णविषयान् ज्ञात्वा मरुतां विषयांस्तथा
pitṝṇāṁ viṣayān jñātvā tiryakṣu caratāṁ nūpa | suparṇaviṣayān jñātvā marutāṁ viṣayāṁs tathā ||
ພີສະມະກ່າວວ່າ: «ໂອ ພະຣາຊາ, ເມື່ອເຂົ້າໃຈແດນແຫ່ງປະສົບການຂອງພວກປິຕຣະ (ບັນພະບຸລຸດ) ແລະຂອງສັດທີ່ເຄື່ອນໄຫວໃນພົບສັດ; ແລະເຂົ້າໃຈແດນຂອງສຸປັນນະ (ກະຣຸດ) ແລະແດນຂອງພວກມາຣຸດ—ຜູ້ນັ້ນຍ່ອມເຫັນຢ່າງແຈ້ງວ່າ ສັດແຕ່ລະລຳດັບຖືກຜູກມັດດ້ວຍວັດຖຸແລະເງື່ອນໄຂຂອງຕົນແນວໃດ. ຄວາມຮູ້ນີ້ຫຼ້ຽວຫຼັງໃຈໃຫ້ຮັກສາສິນ: ມັນເຜີຍໃຫ້ເຫັນຂອບເຂດແລະຜົນຕາມມາຂອງຄວາມປາຖະໜາທີ່ຂັບເຄື່ອນດ້ວຍອາລົມໃນທຸກໂລກ ແລະນຳໃຈໄປສູ່ມັກຄາທີ່ຂ້າມພົ້ນ “ແດນ” ທີ່ຖືກປຸງແຕ່ງທັງປວງ ເພື່ອຄວາມຫຼຸດພົ້ນ.»
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse points to a contemplative discipline: by understanding the ‘viṣayas’—the conditioned spheres and sense-objects that govern different classes of beings (ancestors, animals, Garuḍa, Maruts)—one recognizes the relativity and limitation of worldly enjoyments. This supports ethical restraint and strengthens the turn toward Sāṅkhya-Yoga insight aimed at liberation beyond all such domains.
In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) on higher dharma and the paths of knowledge. Here he continues a cosmological-psychological mapping of various beings’ ‘domains’ to show how desire and experience are structured across worlds, preparing the listener for a mokṣa-oriented understanding.