Shloka 58

Saṃhāra-krama (The Sequence of Cosmic Dissolution) — Yājñavalkya’s Discourse

Devanagari script

परं हि तद्‌ ब्रह्म महन्महात्मन्‌ ब्रह्माणमीशं वरदं च विष्णुम्‌ भवं च धर्म च षडाननं च यद्‌ ब्रह्मपुत्रांश्व महानुभावान्‌

Transliteration

paraṁ hi tad brahma mahan-mahātman brahmāṇam īśaṁ varadaṁ ca viṣṇum bhavaṁ ca dharmaṁ ca ṣaḍānanaṁ ca yad brahma-putrāṁś ca mahānubhāvān

Translation

ພີສະມະ ກ່າວວ່າ: «ໂອ ຜູ້ມີຈິດໃຈຍິ່ງໃຫຍ່, ພຣະພຣະຫມັນ (Brahman) ອັນສູງສຸດນັ້ນແທ້ຈິງແມ່ນຍອດສຸດ. ໂດຍອໍານາດໂຍຄະ, ນັກບວດຜູ້ສໍາເລັດ (ສິດທິ) ຖ້າປາດຖະໜາ ກໍອາດບັນລຸຄວາມຫຼຸດພົ້ນໃນທັນທີ ແລະຮູ້ແຈ້ງສະພາບຂອງອົງສູງສຸດ. ຫຼືດ້ວຍຄວາມຊໍານານໂຍຄະນັ້ນເອງ, ລາວອາດເຂົ້າເຖິງແລະເຂົ້າສູ່ສໍານັກຂອງອໍານາດເທວະອັນສູງສົ່ງ—ພຣະບຣະຫມາ, ພຣະວິສະນຸຜູ້ປະທານພອນ, ພະວະ (Śiva), ທັມມະ (Dharma), ແລະ Ṣaḍānana (Kārttikeya), ພ້ອມທັງບຸດທາງໃຈອັນລືຊື່ຂອງພຣະບຣະຫມາ ເຊັ່ນ ສະນະກະ. ແຕ່ຄໍາສອນນີ້ຍໍ້າວ່າ ຄວາມສໍາເລັດແທ້ບໍ່ແມ່ນການອວດອໍານາດ: ເປົ້າໝາຍສູງສຸດແມ່ນການຫຼຸດພົ້ນໃນ Brahman, ໃນຂະນະທີ່ການບັນລຸອື່ນໆເປັນແຕ່ສິ່ງຮອງລົງມາພາຍໃນວິໄນຂອງໂຍຄະ»។

Word by Word

• परम्: supreme
• परम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• हि: indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• ब्रह्म: Brahman (the Absolute)
• ब्रह्म: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• महत्: great
• महत्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• महात्मन्: O great-souled one
• Type: Noun
• Root: महात्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• ब्रह्माणम्: Brahmā
• ब्रह्माणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• ईशम्: the Lord
• ईशम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईश
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• वरदम्: boon-giving
• वरदम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वरद
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• विष्णुम्: Viṣṇu
• विष्णुम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: विष्णु
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• भवम्: Bhava (Śiva)
• भवम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भव
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• धर्मम्: Dharma (the deity/principle)
• धर्मम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• षडाननम्: the six-faced one (Kārttikeya/Skanda)
• षडाननम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: षडानन
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• यत्: which/that
• यत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• ब्रह्मपुत्रान्: sons of Brahmā
• ब्रह्मपुत्रान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मपुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• महानुभावान्: great/glorious beings
• महानुभावान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महानुभाव
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Brahman (Supreme Brahman)
• Brahmā
• Viṣṇu
• Bhava (Śiva)
• Dharma (deity/personification)
• Ṣaḍānana (Kārttikeya/Skanda)
• Brahmā’s sons (Sanaka and related sages)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse places liberation in Brahman as the highest goal; yogic powers may grant access to divine realms and beings, but these are secondary to mokṣa and should be governed by dharma and disciplined yoga.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs on spiritual and ethical principles; here he describes the capacities of a yoga-perfected person—either attaining immediate liberation or, if he chooses, approaching and entering the spheres of major deities and exalted sages.