Shloka 49

Adhyāya 240: Indriya–Manas–Buddhi–Ātman — The Inner Hierarchy and Restraint (इन्द्रिय-मनस्-बुद्धि-आत्म-क्रमः)

Devanagari script

सत्त्वसंसेवनाद धीरो निद्रामुच्छेत्तुमरहति । विद्वानोंने योगके जो काम

Transliteration

sattvasaṃsevanād dhīro nidrām ucchettum arhati | vidvān yogake ye doṣāḥ kāmaḥ krodhaḥ lobhaḥ bhayaṃ pañcamaś ca svapnaḥ—ete pañca doṣān pūrṇatayā ucchedayet | eṣu krodhaṃ śamena (manonigrahena) jayet, kāmaṃ saṅkalpatyāgena parājayet, tathā dhīraḥ sattvaguṇasaṃsevanena nidrāyā ucchedaṃ kartum śaknoti |

Translation

ພຣະວະຍາສະກ່າວວ່າ: ໂດຍການບໍລິບູນສັດຕະວະ (ຄວາມແຈ້ງໃສ ແລະ ຄວາມສົມດຸນ) ຜູ້ມີໃຈໝັ້ນຄົງຈຶ່ງເໝາະສົມທີ່ຈະຕັດຂາດຄວາມງ່ວງນອນອັນເກີນຄວນ. ບັນດາປັນຍາຊົນກ່າວວ່າ ໃນທາງໂຍຄະມີຂໍ້ບົກພ່ອງ 5 ປະການທີ່ຂັດຂວາງ—ກາມ (ຕັນຫາ) ໂກຣະທະ (ໂກດ) ໂລພະ (ໂລບ) ພະຍະ (ຄວາມຢ້ານ) ແລະ ປະການທີ 5 ຄື ສະວັບນະ (ຄວາມຝັນ/ຄວາມຫຼົງທີ່ຜູກກັບການນອນ). ຄວນຖອນຮາກມັນໃຫ້ໝົດສິ້ນ. ໃນນັ້ນ ໂກດຕ້ອງຊະນະດ້ວຍ ສະມະ—ການຂົ່ມໃຈໃຫ້ສະຫງົບ; ກາມຕ້ອງພ່າຍແພ້ດ້ວຍການລະທິ້ງສັງກັລປະ (ຄວາມຕັ້ງໃຈທີ່ບີບຄັ້ນ); ແລະໂດຍການພຶ່ງພາສັດຕະວະຢ່າງຕໍ່ເນື່ອງ ຜູ້ມີວິໄນຈຶ່ງຊະນະຄວາມງ່ວງນອນໄດ້.

Word by Word

• {'sattva-saṃsevana': 'cultivation/association with sattva

• nurturing clarity, balance, and purity', 'dhīra': 'steadfast, self-possessed, resolute person', 'nidrā': 'sleep

• also lethargy and dullness that obstructs practice', 'ucchettum / uccheda': 'to cut off, uproot, eradicate', 'vidvān': 'the wise, learned person', 'yoga': 'discipline of inner integration

• meditative and ethical practice', 'doṣa': 'fault, defect, obstacle', 'kāma': 'desire, craving, sensual/egoic impulse', 'krodha': 'anger, wrath', 'lobha': 'greed, grasping', 'bhaya': 'fear, anxiety', 'svapna': 'dream

• here linked with sleep and dream-born distraction', 'śama': 'calmness

• restraint', 'manonigraha': 'control/discipline of the mind', 'saṅkalpa-tyāga': 'abandoning (compulsive) resolve/intentions

• renunciation of craving-driven plans', 'parājayet / jayet': 'should defeat / should conquer', 'sattva-guṇa': 'the quality of clarity, light, harmony'}

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Yoga is hindered by five inner defects—desire, anger, greed, fear, and dream/sleep-born distraction. They must be uprooted: anger through śama (mental restraint), desire through saṅkalpa-tyāga (renouncing craving-driven intentions), and lethargy/sleep through sustained cultivation of sattva.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the didactic setting of Śānti Parva, Vyāsa instructs on inner discipline. The focus is not external action but ethical-psychological training: identifying obstacles to yogic steadiness and prescribing concrete methods to overcome them.