Shloka 4
Keśava-tattva-kathana
On the Principle of Keśava: Cosmogony and Divine Epithets
पूर्व ये चापरे तत्र समेता ब्राह्मणर्षभा: । सर्वान् सम्पूज्य शिरसा राजानं सोडब्रवीद् द्विज:
pūrve ye cāpare tatra sametā brāhmaṇarṣabhāḥ | sarvān sampūjya śirasā rājānaṃ so 'bravīd dvijaḥ ||
ພີສະມະ ກ່າວວ່າ: «ໃນທີ່ນັ້ນ ບັນດາພຣາຫມັນຜູ້ປະເສີດ ທັງຜູ້ມາກ່ອນ ແລະຜູ້ມາພາຍຫຼັງ ໄດ້ຊຸມນຸມກັນ. ພຣາຫມັນໄດ້ນົບນ້ອມດ້ວຍສີສະ ແລະບູຊາເຄົາລົບພວກເຂົາທັງໝົດຕາມຄວາມຄວນ, ແລ້ວຈຶ່ງກ່າວກັບພຣະຣາຊາ—ໂດຍວາງຖ້ອຍຄໍາໃນຈິດວິນຍານແຫ່ງຄວາມເຄົາລົບ ແລະທັມມະ, ເພາະການໃຫ້ກຽດແກ່ຜູ້ຄວນຄາລະວະ ຕ້ອງນໍາໜ້າກ່ອນການຕັກເຕືອນກະສັດ.»
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Before offering counsel—especially to a ruler—one should first honor those worthy of respect. The verse models dharmic conduct: humility, proper etiquette, and recognition of spiritual authority as the foundation for ethical speech and governance.
In an assembly where eminent Brahmins are gathered, a Brahmin first bows and pays due respects to all present. After completing these courtesies, he proceeds to speak to the king, indicating that the forthcoming address is framed within established norms of reverence and dharma.