त्रिवर्गमूलनिश्चयः — Determining the Roots of Dharma, Artha, and Kāma
Mahābhārata, Śānti-parva 123
विभज्य दण्ड: कर्तव्यो धर्मेण न यदृच्छया । दुष्टानां निग्रहो दण्डो हिरण्यं बाह्मुत: क्रिया
vibhajya daṇḍaḥ kartavyo dharmeṇa na yadṛcchayā | duṣṭānāṃ nigraho daṇḍo hiraṇyaṃ bāhmuṭaḥ kriyā ||
ວາສຸຫາໂຣມາ ກ່າວວ່າ: “ການລົງໂທດຄວນແບ່ງສັນຕາມການພິຈາລະນາ ແລະຕາມທຳມະ ບໍ່ແມ່ນລົງໂທດຕາມໃຈຊອບ. ຈຸດປະສົງແທ້ຂອງດັນຑະແມ່ນການຫ້າມປາມ ແລະປາບປາມຄົນຊົ່ວ; ບໍ່ແມ່ນເພື່ອເຕີມຄັງດ້ວຍການເອົາຄຳ. ການເອົາເງິນເປັນຄ່າໂທດເປັນແຕ່ສ່ວນນອກ ແລະເປັນກິດຮອງເທົ່ານັ້ນ.”
वसुहरोम उवाच
Punishment must be proportionate and grounded in dharma; its primary aim is to restrain and reform wrongdoers, not to raise revenue through fines.
In the Shanti Parva’s discourse on righteous governance, Vasuharoma explains the proper principle of daṇḍa (punishment): it should be administered judiciously and for moral order, with monetary collection treated as only a secondary byproduct.